CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 589Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentMaternal and Neonatal Healthcare

The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 42 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Maternal Depression During Pregnancy and the Postnatal Period: Risks and Possible Mechanisms for Offspring Depression at Age 18 Years

Open access
Pearson, Rebecca M., Evans, Jonathan, Kounali, Daphne, Lewis, Glyn, Heron, Jon, Ramchandani, Paul G., O’Connor, Tom G., Stein, Alan·2013·JAMA Psychiatry
DOI 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.2163PMC PMC3930009
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Some small studies suggest that maternal postnatal depression is a risk factor for offspring adolescent depression. However, to our knowledge, no large cohort studies have addressed this issue. Furthermore, only 1 small study has examined the association between antenatal depression and later offspring depression. Understanding these associations is important to inform prevention. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hypothesis that there are independent associations between antenatal and postnatal depression with offspring depression and that the risk pathways are different, such that the risk is moderated by disadvantage (low maternal education) with postnatal depression but not with antenatal depression. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective investigation of associations between symptoms of antenatal and postnatal parental depression with offspring depression at age 18 years in a UK community-based birth cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) with data from more than 4500 parents and their adolescent offspring. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Diagnosis of offspring aged 18 years with major depression using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. RESULTS: Antenatal depression was an independent risk factor. Offspring were 1.28 times (95% CI, 1.08-1.51; P = .003) more likely to have depression at age 18 years for each standard deviation increase in maternal depression score antenatally, independent of later maternal depression. Postnatal depression was also a risk factor for mothers with low education, with offspring 1.26 times (95% CI, 1.06-1.50; P = .01) more likely to have depression for each standard deviation increase in postnatal depression score. However, for more educated mothers, there was little association (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.88-1.36; P = .42). Analyses found that maternal education moderated the effects of postnatal but not antenatal depression. Paternal depression antenatally was not associated with offspring depression, while postnatally, paternal depression showed a similar pattern to maternal depression. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings suggest that treating maternal depression antenatally could prevent offspring depression during adulthood and that prioritizing less advantaged mothers postnatally may be most effective.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.2163

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 44 references

2 of the 44 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [30]Brugha TS Meltzer H Jenkins R Bebbington PE Taub NA Comparison of the CIS-R and CIDI lay diagnostic interviews for anxiety and depressive disorders Psychol Med 2005 35 1089 1091 16045074

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 589

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Pearson, R. M., Evans, J., Kounali, D., Lewis, G., Heron, J., Ramchandani, P. G., O’Connor, T. G., & Stein, A.
Affiliations
  • University of Bristol (GB)
  • Imperial College London (GB)
  • University of Rochester Medicine (US)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
ORCID
Venue
JAMA Psychiatry
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2013-12-01
Volume
70
Issue
12
Pages
1312
ISSN
2168-622X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.2163
PMC
PMC3930009
OpenAlex
W2112790937
Cited by
589
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 2
FWCI
43.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) (acceptedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
  • Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust (076467/Z/05/Z, 090139, 084268, 084268/Z/07/Z)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH073842)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
Keywords
maternal depression, antenatal depression, postpartum depression, offspring depression, adolescent depression, major depressive disorder, maternal education, socioeconomic deprivation, paternal depression, depression prevention, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Major Depressive Disorder, Educational Status, England, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Odds Ratio, Depression, Postpartum

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review