Postpartum depression effects on early interactions, parenting, and safety practices: a review

Field, Tiffany

doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2009.10.005

Cited by 1,493Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumInfant Health and DevelopmentInfant Development and Preterm Care

Postpartum depression effects on early interactions, parenting, and safety practices: a review

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Field, Tiffany·2010·Infant Behavior and Development

DOI 10.1016/j.infbeh.2009.10.005PMC PMC2819576

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Abstract

In this paper studies are reviewed from the last decade on postpartum depression effects on early interactions, parenting, safety practices and on early interventions. The interaction disturbances of depressed mothers and their infants appear to be universal, across different cultures and socioeconomic status groups and, include less sensitivity of the mothers and responsivity of the infants. Several caregiving activities also appear to be compromised by postpartum depression including feeding practices, most especially breastfeeding, sleep routines and well-child visits, vaccinations and safety practices. These data highlight the need for universal screening of maternal and paternal depression during the postpartum period. Early interventions reviewed here include psychotherapy and interaction coaching for the mothers, and infant massage for their infants.

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Antenatal depression and anxiety are associated with an increased risk of emotion regulation difficulties and social behaviour problems among children.
“Both antenatal depression and anxiety are associated with an increased risk of emotion regulation difficulties (Glasheen et al., Citation2010; Leis et al., Citation2014) and social behaviour problems among children (Field, Citation2010).”
From The feasibility and acceptability of a single-session Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention to support women self-reporting fear of childbirth in a first pregnancy. (2023) · cites this paper as Field, 2010
Field’s Abstract and Early Interactions section link postpartum maternal depression with children’s later behavioral and social-development problems. The Field citation is attached to social behaviour problems, not the preceding emotion-regulation claim, but the review does not establish that antenatal depression or anxiety is associated with those problems. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
In depressed mothers, studies suggest women may avoid or limit exposure to distressing infant stimuli.
“In depressed mothers, studies suggest women may avoid or limit exposure to distressing infant stimuli (Field, 2010; Murray et al., 1996; Pearson et al., 2012).”
From Approaching the biology of human parental attachment: Brain imaging, oxytocin and coordinated assessments of mothers and fathers (2014) · cites this paper as Field, 2010

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Maternal depression and parenting behavior
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Sorted by citations

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“In depressed mothers, studies suggest women may avoid or limit exposure to distressing infant stimuli (Field, 2010; Murray et al., 1996; Pearson et al., 2012).”
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The neural and hormonal bases of human parentalcare
Rilling, J. K. (2013) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.12.017 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Correlates of prenatal and postnatal mother-to-infant bonding quality: A systematic review
Tichelman, E., Westerneng, M., Witteveen, A. B., van Baar, A. L., van der Horst, H. E., de Jonge, A., Berger, M. Y., Schellevis, F. G., Burger, H., & Peters, L. L. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222998 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
“The negative association between depressive symptoms and mother-to-infant bonding quality might even be more pronounced once the baby is born since the development of a postnatal bond might also be affected by mother-baby interaction [40], a quality that might be compromised by maternal depressive symptoms [41].”
Children's Parents
Bornstein, M. H. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy403 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
A cry in the dark: depressed mothers show reduced neural activation to their own infant’s cry
Laurent, H. K., & Ablow, J. C. (2012) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsq091 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
“their infants in face-to-face interaction and engage in less positive interaction with their infants (Field, 2010), patterns linked to long-term negative consequences for child cognitive and social–emotional development (Murray and Cooper, Received 11 August 2010; Accepted 27 September 2010”
Background
TRANSITION TO PARENTHOOD AND MENTAL HEALTH IN FIRST‐TIME PARENTS
Parfitt, Y., & Ayers, S. (2014) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21443 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Predictors of postpartum depression: Prospective study of 264 women followed during pregnancy and postpartum
Gaillard, A., Strat, Y. L., Mandelbrot, L., Keïta, H., & Dubertret, C. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.10.003 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
“PPD also has pervasive effects on mother–infant bonding, and affects the emotional, cognitive and behavioral development of the child (Field, 2010).”
Background
Paternal and Maternal Transition to Parenthood: The Risk of Postpartum Depression and Parenting Stress
Epifanio, M. S., Genna, V., Luca, C. D., Roccella, M., & Grutta, S. L. (2015) · Pediatric Reports · doi:10.4081/pr.2015.5872 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Family Nurture Intervention in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit improves social‐relatedness, attention, and neurodevelopment of preterm infants at 18 months in a randomized controlled trial
Welch, M. G., Firestein, M. R., Austin, J., Hane, A. A., Stark, R. I., Hofer, M. A., Garland, M., Glickstein, S. B., Brunelli, S. A., Ludwig, R. J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12405 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
“…et al., 1994, 2012); skin-to-skin care (Conde-Agudelo, Belizan, & DiazRossello, 2011; Feldman, Eidelman, Sirota, & Weller, 2002); massage therapy (Field, 2010; Field, Diego, Hernandez-Reif, Deeds, & Figuereido, 2006; Vickers, Ohlsson, Lacy, & Horsley, 2004); and exposure to adult language…”
Maternal Depression, Family Functioning and Children's Longitudinal Development
Letourneau, N. L., Tramonte, L., & Willms, J. D. (2012) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2012.07.014 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
“Thus, nurses interested in promoting healthy outcomes for children could conclude that early onset depression necessitates holistic treatment, focusing on symptom treatment and promotion of parenting and family functioning (Field, 2010), while continuous or late onset depression treatment focusing more exclusively on…”
Background
Effect of Mother/Infant Skin‐to‐Skin Contact on Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Maternal Physiological Stress
Bigelow, A. E., Power, M., MacLellan‐Peters, J., Alex, M. R., & McDonald, C. (2012) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01350.x · Cited by 206 · see citing works
“They tend to be less sensitive and responsive to their infants, less engaged, more irritable, less playful, and show less emotion and warmth (Field, 2010; Lovejoy, Graczyk, O’Hare, & Neuman, 2000).”
Background
Breastfeeding and Postpartum Depression: An Overview and Methodological Recommendations for Future Research
Pope, C. J., & Mazmanian, D. S. (2016) · Depression Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2016/4765310 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
“Additionally, postpartum depression is associated with disturbance in mother-infant interactions and bonding, as well as deficient parenting and parental safety practices [20, 23].”
Background
Childhood Abuse History, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Postpartum Mental Health, and Bonding: A Prospective Cohort Study
Seng, J. S., Sperlich, M. I., Low, L. K., Ronis, D. L., Muzik, M., & Liberzon, I. (2013) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/j.1542-2011.2012.00237.x · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Do pediatricians ask about adverse childhood experiences in pediatric primary care?
Kerker, B., Storfer-Isser, A., Szilagyi, M., Stein, R., Garner, A., O'Connor, K. G., Hoagwood, K., & Horwitz, S. (2015) · Academic pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2015.08.002 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Modifiable partner factors associated with perinatal depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Pilkington, P. D., Milne, L. C., Cairns, K. E., Lewis, J., & Whelan, T. A. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.02.023 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
The effect of perinatal depression treatment for mothers on parenting and child development: A systematic review
Letourneau, N. L., Dennis, C., Cosic, N., & Linder, J. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22687 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
“With preschoolers,motherswith PPDwere less likely to engage in play behaviours, be nurturing and positive during face-to-face interactions, talk with their child, limit television/video watching, have regular daily routines, engage in safety practices such as turning down water heaters or using seat belts and were mor…”
BackgroundInfluential
Postpartum Depression and Maternal Care: Exploring the Complex Effects on Mothers and Infants
Saharoy, R., Potdukhe, A., Wanjari, M. B., & Taksande, A. B. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.41381 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
“Sleep disruptions can exacerbate infants' and mothers' challenges, leading to increased fatigue and decreased overall well-being [37,38].”
Background
Women and Suicidal Behavior
Canetto, S. S., & Chen, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108561716.042 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Invited review: A systematic review of the effects of prolonged cow–calf contact on behavior, welfare, and productivity
Meagher, R. K., Beaver, A., Weary, D. M., & von Keyserlingk, M. A. G. (2019) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2018-16021 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
“Some signs associated with depression in humans may help inform predictions to be tested in cattle, including reduced appetite, low activity, a disturbance in normal sleeping patterns, loss of libido, and anhedonia (reviewed by Miller, 2002; Field, 2010).”
Background
Women׳s help-seeking behaviours for depressive symptoms during the perinatal period: Socio-demographic and clinical correlates and perceived barriers to seeking professional help
Fonseca, A., Gorayeb, R., & Canavarro, M. C. (2015) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2015.09.002 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
“These women and their babies have an increased risk of suffering from the pervasive and negative effects of perinatal depression (Field et al., 2010; Muzik and Borovska, 2010; Kingston et al., 2012), to the extent that, despite presenting symptoms of depression, they are not aware of the…”
Background
Women In The United States Experience High Rates Of Coverage ‘Churn’ In Months Before And After Childbirth
Daw, J. R., Hatfield, L. A., Swartz, K., & Sommers, B. D. (2017) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1241 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum depression: systematic review and meta- analysis
Nakamura, A., van der Waerden, J., Melchior, M., Bolze, C., El-Khoury, F., & Pryor, L. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.009 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of the relationship between antidepressant use in pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight
Huang, H., Coleman, S., Bridge, J. A., Yonkers, K., & Katon, W. (2014) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.08.002 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
“Untreated antenatal depression is associated with poor self-care during pregnancy, risk of postpartum depression, risk of impairedmaternal–infant attachmentanddelays in infant development when it persists into the postpartum period [2,3].”
Background
Twenty years of research on parental mind-mindedness: Empirical findings, theoretical and methodological challenges, and new directions
McMahon, C. A., & Bernier, A. (2017) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2017.07.001 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Perinatal depression, PTSD, and trauma: Impact on mother–infant attachment and interventions to mitigate the transmission of risk
Erickson, N. L., Julian, M. M., & Muzik, M. (2019) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2018.1563529 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
“Specific caregiving activities may also be disrupted, including breastfeeding, sleep routines, and healthcare engagement (e.g. for well-child visits; Field, 2010).”
Background
Maternal affect and quality of parenting experiences are related to amygdala response to infant faces
Barrett, J., Wonch, K. E., Gonzalez, A., Ali, N., Steiner, M., Hall, G. B., & Fleming, A. S. (2012) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2011.609907 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
“…2008; Cohn, Campbell, Matias, & Hopkins, 1990; Field et al., 1985; Field, Healy, Goldstein, & Guthertz, 1990; Figueiredo & Costa, 2009; Fleming, Ruble, Flett, & Shaul, 1988; Paris, Bolton, & Weinberg, 2009; Righetti-Veltema, Conne-Perréard, Bousquet, & Manzano, 2002––for a review, see Field, 2009).”
Postpartum Depression: A Review
Patel, M., Bailey, R. K., Jabeen, S., Ali, S., Barker, N. C., & Osiezagha, K. (2012) · Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved · doi:10.1353/hpu.2012.0037 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Intergenerational transmission of adverse childhood experiences via maternal depression and anxiety and moderation by child sex
Letourneau, N. L., Dewey, D., Kaplan, B. J., Ntanda, H. N., Novick, J., Thomas, J. C., Deane, A., Leung, B. M. Y., Pon, K. J., Giesbrecht, G. F., et al. (2018) · Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease · doi:10.1017/s2040174418000648 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Online prevention of postpartum depression for Spanish- and English-speaking pregnant women: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Barrera, A. Z., Wickham, R. E., & Muñoz, R. F. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.06.002 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
“More importantly, the findings have meaningful implications on themother and the quality of care she is able to provide her newborn baby during her first year postpartum, which is critical for the development of the child and his/her relationship with the mother (Field, 2010).”
Background
Treatment of post-partum depression: a review of clinical, psychological and pharmacological options
Leight, K. L., Fitelson, E. M., Kim, S. Y., & Baker, A. S. (2010) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s6938 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Development and validation of a machine learning algorithm for predicting the risk of postpartum depression among pregnant women
Zhang, Y., Wang, S., Hermann, A. D., Joly, R., & Pathak, J. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.113 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
“Long-term health effects of PPD to mothers, children, and family include increased maternal and infant mortality, increased hospitalizations, impaired mother-child bonding, and impaired long-term child development (Field, 2010; Jacques et al., 2019; Stein et al., 2014; Weobong et al., 2015).”
Background
Trajectories of Maternal Postpartum Depressive Symptoms
Putnick, D. L., Sundaram, R., Bell, E. M., Ghassabian, A., Goldstein, R. B., Robinson, S. L., Vafai, Y., Gilman, S. E., & Yeung, E. H. (2020) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-0857 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Preventing postpartum depression: A meta-analytic review
Sockol, L. E., Epperson, C. N., & Barber, J. P. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.10.004 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
“…responsive caregiving, are more likely to discontinue breastfeeding early or have problems breastfeeding, are less likely to comply with recommended safety practices such as use of car seats, and their children have lower rates of preventive healthcare utilization and vaccination (Field, 2010).”
Background
Perinatal depression and infant mental health
Goodman, J. H. (2019) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2019.01.010 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Childhood Maltreatment and Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review
Choi, K. W., & Sikkema, K. J. (2016) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838015584369 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“compromise mother–child bonding and interaction (Field, 2010; Moehler, Brunner, Wiebel, Reck, & Resch, 2006) as well as child growth (Patel, DeSouza, & Rodrigues, 2003) and long-term development (Grace, Evindar, & Stewart, 2003; Kaplow & Widom, 2007; Kurstjens & Wolke, 2001).”
A comparative study of autistic and non-autistic women’s experience of motherhood
Pohl, A. L., Crockford, S. K., Blakemore, M., Allison, C. L., & Baron‐Cohen, S. (2020) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-019-0304-2 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Postnatal depression and its association with adverse infant health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Dadi, A. F., Miller, E. R., & Mwanri, L. (2020) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03092-7 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Developmental Timing of the Effects of Maternal Care on Gene Expression and Epigenetic Regulation of Hormone Receptor Levels in Female Rats
Peña, C. J., Neugut, Y. D., & Champagne, F. A. (2013) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2013-1595 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
A theory of social thermoregulation in human primates
IJzerman, H., Coan, J. A., Wagemans, F. M. A., Missler, M. A., van Beest, I., Lindenberg, S. M., & Mattie Tops, A. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00464 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
The impact of parents’ mental health on parent–baby interaction: A prospective study
Parfitt, Y., Pike, A., & Ayers, S. (2013) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.06.003 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Epidural Labor Analgesia Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Postpartum Depression: A Prospective Cohort Study
Ding, T., Wang, D.-X., Qu, Y., Chen, Q., & Zhu, S.-N. (2014) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000000107 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Relationship between social support during pregnancy and postpartum depressive state: a prospective cohort study
Morikawa, M., Okada, T., Ando, M., Aleksić, B., Kunimoto, S., Nakamura, Y., Kubota, C., Uno, Y., Tamaji, A., Hayakawa, N., et al. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep10520 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Untitled work
Haselton (2013) · doi:10.1007/s00737-013-0348-9 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
“…depression and later breastfeeding outcomes, researchers have found that women with depressive symptomatology report breastfeeding problems (Edhborg et al. 2005; Tamminen 1988), more failed breastfeeding attempts (Fergerson et al. 2002), and less breastfeeding self-efficacy (Dai and Dennis 2003).”
Maternal attachment feelings mediate between maternal reports of depression, infant social–emotional development, and parenting stress
Mason, Z. S., Briggs, R. D., & Silver, E. J. (2011) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2011.629994 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
“…facets of interpersonal communication, such as rate of speech, voice quality, eye-to-eye contact, and emotional expressiveness and responsiveness (Field, 1998, 2010; Herrera, Reissland, & Shepherd, 2004; Murray, Fiory-Cowley, & Hooper, 1996; Nadel, Soussignan, Canet, Libert, & G´erardin, 2005).”
Background
The Effects of Breastfeeding on Maternal Mental Health: A Systematic Review
Yuen, M., Hall, O. J., Masters, G. A., Nephew, B. C., Carr, C., Leung, K., Griffen, A., McIntyre, L. M., Byatt, N., & Simas, T. A. M. (2022) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2021.0504 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
“The majority of studies, 52 in total, examined the relationship between breastfeeding and symptoms of postpartum depression 57–61, 63– 70,72–104, 106– 111 ( Table 2 ).”
Parenting stress and depressive symptoms in postpartum mothers: Bidirectional or unidirectional effects?
Thomason, E., Volling, B. L., Flynn, H. A., McDonough, S. C., Marcus, S. M., López, J. F., & Vázquez, D. M. (2014) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.05.009 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
“Postpartum depression is an important risk factor that negatively impacts children’s development, as well as parenting, maternal health, and well-being (C. T. Beck, 1998; Cummings, Davies, & Campbell, 2000; Downey & Coyne, 1990; Field, 2010).”
Background
Maternal perinatal mental health and offspring academic achievement at age 16: the mediating role of childhood executive function
Pearson, R. M., Bornstein, M. H., Cordero, M., Scerif, G., Mahedy, L., Evans, J., Abioye, A., & Stein, A. L. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12483 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“Despite widely documented evidence that maternal depression is associated with disruptions tomaternal care (Field, 2010), to our knowledge only a few studies have linked maternal depression to impaired EF (Comas, Valentino, & Borkowski, 2014; Hughes et al., 2013) and only one linked prenatal…”
Background
Disruption to the development of maternal responsiveness? The impact of prenatal depression on mother–infant interactions
Pearson, R. M., Melotti, R., Heron, J., Joinson, C., Stein, A., Ramchandani, P. G., & Evans, J. (2012) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2012.07.020 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Disrupted posterior cingulate–amygdala connectivity in postpartum depressed women as measured with resting BOLD fMRI
Chase, H. W., Moses‐Kolko, E. L., Zevallos, C. R., Wisner, K. L., & Phillips, M. L. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst083 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“PPD strikes precisely at a time when sensitivity and synchrony of maternal–infant interactions are required to positively shape the child’s long-term behavioral, cognitive and socioemotional development (Feldman, 2007; Field, 2010).”
Background
Revisiting the roots of attachment: A review of the biological and psychological effects of maternal skin-to-skin contact and carrying of full-term infants
Norholt, H. (2020) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2020.101441 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Depression and anxiety symptoms of mothers of preterm infants are decreased at 4 months corrected age with Family Nurture Intervention in the NICU
Welch, M. G., Halperin, M. S., Austin, J., Stark, R. I., Hofer, M. A., Hane, A. A., & Myers, M. M. (2015) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-015-0502-7 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
“These conditions can be detrimental to the initiation of maternal behavior and the maintenance of dyadic relationships (Field 2010; Tietz et al. 2014).”
Background
How maternal pre- and postnatal symptoms of depression and anxiety affect early mother-infant interaction?
Hakanen, H., Flykt, M. S., Sinervä, E., Nolvi, S., Kataja, E., Pelto, J., Karlsson, H., Karlsson, L., & Korja, R. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.048 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Postpartum Depression
Kroska, E. B., & Stowe, Z. N. (2020) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2020.05.001 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Infants Perceived as “Fussy” Are More Likely to Receive Complementary Foods Before 4 Months
Wasser, H., Bentley, M. E., Borja, J. B., Goldman, B. D., Thompson, A. L., Slining, M. M., & Adair, L. S. (2011) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0166 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
“9) 25 (55) 24 30 32 23 Overweight (25–29.”
Social support and depression across the perinatal period: A longitudinal study
Li, Y., Long, Z., Cao, D., & Cao, F. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.13817 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
“…have adverse impacts on mother–child interactions such as maternalinfant bonding (Kinsey, Baptiste-Roberts, Zhu, & Kjerulff, 2014), parenting (Field, 2010) and maternal attachment (Perry, Ettinger, Mendelson, & Le, 2011) as well as child development such as infant temperament (Davis et al.,…”
Background
Effect of maternal postpartum depression on offspring's growth
Farías-Antúnez, S., Xavier, M. O., & Santos, I. S. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.013 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Studying the Intergenerational Transmission of Risk for Depression: Current Status and Future Directions
Gotlib, I. H., Goodman, S. H., & Humphreys, K. L. (2020) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721420901590 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
“…examine the relations between depression in mothers and caregiving behaviors and environments, and between maternal depression and aspects of young offsprings’ functioning that are known to be associated with the development of depression (Field, 2010; Lovejoy, Graczyk, O’Hare, & Neuman, 2000).”
Background
IMPACT OF MATERNAL DEPRESSION ON PREGNANCIES AND ON EARLY ATTACHMENT: Effects of Maternal Depression on Infants and Attachment
Lefkovics, E., Baji, I., & Rigó, J. (2014) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21450 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Brexanolone, a neurosteroid antidepressant, vindicates the GABAergic deficit hypothesis of depression and may foster resilience
Lüscher, B., & Möhler, H. (2019) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.18758.1 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Postpartum Maternal Sleep, Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Self-Perceived Mother–Infant Emotional Relationship
Tikotzky, L. (2014) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2014.940111 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“Research on maternal depression and child development has clearly demonstrated that depressed mothers show poor parenting practices and compromised mother-infant relationship (Cornish et al., 2006; Edhborg, Matthiesen, Lundh, & Widstrom, 2005; Field, 2010; Lovejoy, Graczyk, O’Hare, & Neuman, 2000; Martins & Gaffan, 20…”
Background
The Effectiveness of an App-Based Nurse-Moderated Program for New Mothers With Depression and Parenting Problems (eMums Plus): Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial
Sawyer, A., Kaim, A., Le, H.-N., McDonald, D., Mittinty, M., Lynch, J., & Sawyer, M. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/13689 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“For example, postnatal depression has the potential to negatively affect breastfeeding, infant sleep routines, and attendance at health checks, all of which can adversely affect children’s later growth and development [4].”
Background
Oxytocin and postpartum depression: Delivering on what's known and what's not
Kim, S., Soeken, T. A., CROMER, S. J., Martinez, S. R., Hardy, L. R., & Strathearn, L. (2013) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.11.009 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“A large number of studies have highlighted that mothers with PPD are slow to read, decipher, and respond to their infants’ signals (see reviews, Field, 2010; Tronick and Reck, 2009).”
Background
Antidepressant Drugs and Breastfeeding: A Review of the Literature
Davanzo, R., Copertino, M., Cunto, A. D., Minen, F., & Amaddeo, A. (2010) · Breastfeeding Medicine · doi:10.1089/bfm.2010.0019 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“29 The reported association between PPD and negative effects on early infant growth has not been recently conﬁrmed.”
Body image concerns during pregnancy are associated with a shorter breast feeding duration
Brown, A., Rance, J. Y., & Warren, L. (2014) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2014.06.003 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“Postnatal depression is linked to finding breast feeding more painful and difficult (Field, 2010).”
Background
Bidirectional psychoneuroimmune interactions in the early postpartum period influence risk of postpartum depression
Corwin, E. J., PAJER, K. A., Paul, S., Lowe, N. K., Weber, M., & McCarthy, D. O. (2015) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.04.012 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“, 2008) and carries significant and lifelong health consequences for women and their infants (Field, 2010).”
Psychosocial stress moderates the relationships between oxytocin, perinatal depression, and maternal behavior
Zelkowitz, P., Gold, I., Feeley, N., Hayton, B. C., Carter, C. S., Tulandi, T., Abenhaim, H. A., & Levin, P. (2014) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.06.014 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“Depressed mothers are less likely than other mothers to engage in maternal behaviors such as face-to-face visual contact, “baby talk”, affectionate touch, sensitivity and contingent responsivity that are associatedwith optimal infant cognitive and socioemotional development (Cohnet al., 1990; Feldman and Eidelman, 200…”
Background
Effectiveness of psychological interventions in the treatment of perinatal depression: A systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Branquinho, M., Muñoz, M. D. L. F. R., Maia, B., Marques, M., Matos, M., Osma, J., Moreno-Peral, P., Cerón, S. C., Fonseca, A., & Vousoura, E. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.010 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Oxytocin pathways in the intergenerational transmission of maternal early life stress
Töpfer, P., Heim, C. C., Entringer, S., Binder, E. B., Wadhwa, P. D., & Buß, C. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.026 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“It is also suggested that OT may play an important role in the development of depression (McQuaid et al., 2014), which is a highly prevalent clinical consequence of ELS and a condition that may interfere with optimal parenting behavior (Beck, 1995; Feldman, 2015b; Field, 2010).”
BackgroundInfluential
Genetic variation in oxytocin rs2740210 and early adversity associated with postpartum depression and breastfeeding duration
Jonas, W., Mileva‐Seitz, V. R., Girard, A. W., Bisceglia, R., Kennedy, J. L., Sokolowski, M. B., Meaney, M. J., Fleming, A. S., & Steiner, M. S. (2013) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12069 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“Postpartum depression is associated with greater risk of parenting problems (Field 2010; Lovejoy et al. 2000; Paulson et al. 2006), with negative consequences for cognitive, emotional and behavioral development of the infant (Grace et al.”
Background
Maternal mental health is associated with child undernutrition and illness in Bangladesh, Vietnam and Ethiopia
Nguyen, P. H., Saha, K. K., Ali, D., Menon, P., Manohar, S., Mai, L. T., Rawat, R., & Ruel, M. T. (2013) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980013001043 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“from participating in the programme or from adopting recommended practices((6,41)).”
Background
Maternal depression in the intergenerational transmission of childhood maltreatment and its sequelae: Testing postpartum effects in a longitudinal birth cohort
Choi, K. W., Houts, R., Arseneault, L., Pariante, C. M., Sikkema, K. J., & Moffitt, T. E. (2018) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579418000032 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“(Field, 2010), which could set a long-term foundation for negative interactions and increased vulnerability to emo-”
Background
The correlation between breastfeeding self-efficacy and maternal postpartum depression in southern Brazil
Zubaran, C., & Foresti, K. (2013) · Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare · doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2012.12.001 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“Apart from breastfeeding, several other caregiving activities are compromised by postpartum depression, including feeding practices, sleep routines, attending well-child visits, and vaccinations [11].”
Background
Paternal Depression in the Postnatal Period and Early Father–Infant Interactions
Sethna, V., Murray, L., Netsi, E., Psychogiou, L., & Ramchandani, P. G. (2015) · Parenting · doi:10.1080/15295192.2015.992732 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“Most research has focussed on maternal postnatal depression and its potential impact on children’s development (Field, 2010).”
When the Bough Breaks: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of mental health symptoms in mothers of young children during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Racine, N. M., Eirich, R., Cooke, J. E., Zhu, J., Pador, P., Dunnewold, N., & Madigan, S. L. (2021) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21959 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
“…and young children are reliant on their caregivers to meet their basic needs (e.g., food, sleep, etc.), as well as their relational (e.g., sensitive parenting, conversational turns) and developmental needs (e.g., language input) (Anderson et al., 2021; De Wolff & van Ijzendoorn, 1997; Field, 2010).”
Background
Postpartum depression and infant feeding practices in a low income urban settlement in Nairobi-Kenya
Madeghe, B. A., Kimani, V. N., Stoep, A. V., Nicodimos, S., & Kumar, M. (2016) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2307-9 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“PPD can compromise care-giving activities and performance of parenting roles [7, 8].”
Background

Depressão Pós-Parto Materna: Crenças, Práticas de Cuidado e Estimulação de Bebês no Primeiro Ano de Vida
de Campos, B. C., & Rodrigues, O. M. P. R. (2015) · Psico · doi:10.15448/1980-8623.2015.4.20802 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Postpartum Depression: Is it a condition affecting the mother-infant interaction and the development of the child across the first year of life?
Figueiredo, B. (1996) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Maternal and Paternal Postpartum Depression: Effects on Early Infantparent Interactions
Kokkinaki, T. (2015) · Journal of Pregnancy and Child Health · doi:10.4172/2376-127x.1000e126 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A Maternal Postpartum Depression Consequences towards Mother-child interaction Outcomes: A systematic review
Hanif, M. B. (2021) · Scientia Psychiatrica · doi:10.37275/scipsy.v2i4.65 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Parenting Practices 3-Months Postpartum
Balbierz, A., Bodnar-Deren, S., Wang, J. J., & Howell, E. A. (2015) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-014-1625-6 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Authors: Field, T.
Affiliations: University of Miami (US)
Corresponding author: Field, Tiffany
ORCID: Field, Tiffany
Venue: Infant Behavior and Development
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-02
Volume: 33
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-6
ISSN: 0163-6383 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2009.10.005
PMC: PMC2819576
OpenAlex: W2055689655
Cited by: 1,493
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 51 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 104 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 141 · 2020: 217 · 2019: 131 · 2018: 108 · 2017: 84 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 71 · 2012: 45
FWCI: 3.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Infant Behavior and Development (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: NIH (AT# 00370)
March of Dimes Grant (# 12-FYO3-48)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Infant Health and Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
Keywords: postpartum depression, mother-infant interaction, maternal sensitivity, parenting practices, breastfeeding, infant feeding practices, infant immunization, child safety practices, early intervention, universal screening, paternal depression, infant massage, psychotherapy
MeSH terms: Child Rearing, Fathers, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Mothers, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Depression, Postpartum

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Postpartum depression effects on early interactions, parenting, and safety practices: a review

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