The DOI matches its Crossref record; 205 of the 218 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Removing dental plaque may play a key role maintaining oral health. There is conflicting evidence for the relative merits of manual and powered toothbrushing in achieving this. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003, and previously updated in 2005. OBJECTIVES: To compare manual and powered toothbrushes in everyday use, by people of any age, in relation to the removal of plaque, the health of the gingivae, staining and calculus, dependability, adverse effects and cost. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (to 23 January 2014), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2014, Issue 1), MEDLINE via OVID (1946 to 23 January 2014), EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 23 January 2014) and CINAHL via EBSCO (1980 to 23 January 2014). We searched the US National Institutes of Health Trials Register and the WHO Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials. No restrictions were placed on the language or date of publication when searching the electronic databases. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials of at least four weeks of unsupervised powered toothbrushing versus manual toothbrushing for oral health in children and adults. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard methodological procedures expected by The Cochrane Collaboration. Random-effects models were used provided there were four or more studies included in the meta-analysis, otherwise fixed-effect models were used. Data were classed as short term (one to three months) and long term (greater than three months). MAIN RESULTS: Fifty-six trials met the inclusion criteria; 51 trials involving 4624 participants provided data for meta-analysis. Five trials were at low risk of bias, five at high and 46 at unclear risk of bias.There is moderate quality evidence that powered toothbrushes provide a statistically significant benefit compared with manual toothbrushes with regard to the reduction of plaque in both the short term (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.70 to -0.31); 40 trials, n = 2871) and long term (SMD -0.47 (95% CI -0.82 to -0.11; 14 trials, n = 978). These results correspond to an 11% reduction in plaque for the Quigley Hein index (Turesky) in the short term and 21% reduction long term. Both meta-analyses showed high levels of heterogeneity (I(2) = 83% and 86% respectively) that was not explained by the different powered toothbrush type subgroups.With regard to gingivitis, there is moderate quality evidence that powered toothbrushes again provide a statistically significant benefit when compared with manual toothbrushes both in the short term (SMD -0.43 (95% CI -0.60 to -0.25); 44 trials, n = 3345) and long term (SMD -0.21 (95% CI -0.31 to -0.12); 16 trials, n = 1645). This corresponds to a 6% and 11% reduction in gingivitis for the Löe and Silness index respectively. Both meta-analyses showed high levels of heterogeneity (I(2) = 82% and 51% respectively) that was not explained by the different powered toothbrush type subgroups.The number of trials for each type of powered toothbrush varied: side to side (10 trials), counter oscillation (five trials), rotation oscillation (27 trials), circular (two trials), ultrasonic (seven trials), ionic (four trials) and unknown (five trials). The greatest body of evidence was for rotation oscillation brushes which demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in plaque and gingivitis at both time points. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Powered toothbrushes reduce plaque and gingivitis more than manual toothbrushing in the short and long term. The clinical importance of these findings remains unclear. Observation of methodological guidelines and greater standardisation of design would benefit both future trials and meta-analyses.Cost, reliability and side effects were inconsistently reported. Any reported side effects were localised and only temporary.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Similar results were demonstrated for parameters of gingivitis, which improved by 6% in short-term and by 11% in long-term studies.”
From Contemporary practices for mechanical oral hygiene to prevent periodontal disease. (2020) · cites this paper as [30]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis by the Cochrane Collaboration demonstrated a superior reduction in the plaque index score in short-term studies (1-3 months) of 11%, and in long-term studies (>3 months) of 21%, for oscillating-rotating toothbrushes compared with manual toothbrushes.30”
From Contemporary practices for mechanical oral hygiene to prevent periodontal disease. (2020) · cites this paper as [30]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“However, the authors point out that there is a possible risk of bias.”
From Contemporary practices for mechanical oral hygiene to prevent periodontal disease. (2020) · cites this paper as [30]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Long-term data, however, are scarce.5,30”
From Contemporary practices for mechanical oral hygiene to prevent periodontal disease. (2020) · cites this paper as [30]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722
Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy I. Prevalence and Severity
Löe, H. A., & Silness, J. (1963) · Acta Odontologica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/00016356309011240 · Cited by 7,234
Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque.
Ainamo, J., & Bay, I. (1975) · PubMed · Cited by 3,022
The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health.
(2005) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 2,619
Meta-analyses involving cross-over trials: methodological issues
Elbourne, D. R., Altman, D. G., Higgins, J. P., Curtin, F., Worthington, H. V., & Vail, A. (2002) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/31.1.140 · Cited by 2,305
Self-citationDeeks, J. J., Altman, D. G., & Bradburn, M. J. (2001) · Systematic Reviews in Health Care · doi:10.1002/9780470693926.ch15 · Cited by 2,163
Pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and research outcome and quality: systematic review
Lexchin, J., Bero, L. A., Djulbegovic, B., & Clark, O. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7400.1167 · Cited by 2,147
Global Burden of Oral Conditions in 1990-2010: A Systematic Analysis
Marcenes, W., Kassebaum, N. J., Bernabé, E., Flaxman, A., Naghavi, M., Lopez, A., & Murray, C. J. L. (2013) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034513490168 · Cited by 1,495
Reduced plaque formation by the chloromethyl analogue of victamine C
Turesky, S., Gilmore, N. D., & Glickman, I. (1970) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1970.41.1.41 · Cited by 1,450
Comparative cleansing efficiency of manual and power brushing
Quigley, G. A., & Hein, J. W. (1962) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1962.0184 · Cited by 1,020
Research works printed but not linked: 48
- Dentino, 1999, Evaluation of powered vs manual toothbrushing on plaque, calculus and stain, Journal of Dental Research, 78, 413 (Abstract N
- Dentino, 1999, Comparison of powered vs manual toothbrushing on gingivitis reduction, Journal of Dental Research, 78, 413 (Abstract N
- Hickman, 2002, Powered vs manual tooth brushing in fixed appliance patients: a short term randomized clinical trial, The Angle Orthodontist, 72, 135
- Lapiere, 1997, Effectiveness of three toothbrushes for plaque removal in patients with low compliance. (Europerio 2), Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 24, 863
- Lazarescu, 2000, Comparative study of an electric and manual toothbrush in patients unfamiliar with electric brushes, Journal of Dental Research, 79, 298 (Abstract N
- Singh, 2000, Efficacy of the Butler Pulse (TM) plaque remover in orthodontic patients, Journal of Dental Research, 79, 298 (Abstract N
- Ainamo, 1991, Effect of manual versus powered toothbrushes, Journal of Dental Research, 70, 557 (Abstract N
- Andreana, 1998, Clinical evaluation of the Ionoral toothbrush, Journal of Dental Research, 77, 211 (Abstract N
- Arceneaux, 1996, Efficacy of sonic Vs manual toothbrushes in maintaining oral health, Journal of Dental Research, 75, 86 (Abstract No
- Ciancio, 1998, Clinical comparison of the butler G-U-M(r) Pulse(tm) plaque remover to a manual and electric toothbrush, Journal of Dental Research, 77, 211 (Abstract N
- Cohen, 1964, Comparative effectiveness of manually and power operated toothbrushing on tooth deposits, Periodontics, 2, 122
- Conroy, 1966, Comparison of automatic and hand toothbrushes: cleaning effectiveness for children, ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children, 33, 219
- Cross, 1962, A comparative study of tooth cleansing using conventional and electrically operated toothbrushes, British Dental Journal, 113, 19
- Danser, 2000, Efficacy of novel manual toothbrush compared to electric toothbrush, Journal of Dental Research, 79, 298 (Abstract N
- de Leeuw J Comparison between hand and electric toothbrushing Journal of Dental Research
- Dentino, 1999, Comparative evaluation of the safety of a powered versus a manual toothbrush over one year, Journal of Periodontology, 70, 230
- Doherty, 1999, Plaque removal efficacy of a Novel, advanced toothbrush, Journal of Dental Research, 78, 216 (Abstract N
- Doll, 1999, The efficiency of different toothbrushes in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances, European Journal of Orthodontics, 21, 581
- Galustian, 2002, Plaque removal efficacy of a battery-powered toothbrush versus a manual toothbrush, Journal of Dental Research, 81, A30
- Hall, 1971, Comparison of automatic and hand toothbrushes: toothbrushing effectiveness for preschool children, Journal of Dentistry for Children, 38, 309
- Heasman, 2001, Testing prototype brush heads for powered toothbrushes - refining the model, Journal of Dental Research, 80, 548 (Abstract N
- Hou, 2002, Plaque removal by a battery-powered toothbrush relative to a manual toothbrush, Journal of Dental Research, 81, A
- Johnson, 1994, Efficacy and safety of the Sonicare™: a clinical evaluation, Journal of Dental Research, 73, 434 (Abstract N
- Killoy, 1988, Comparative plaque removal with power contra-rotary and conventional toothbrushes, Journal of Dental Research, 67, 95
- Lange, 1978, [Uber die Plaquereduktion durch multi-Bursten in Verdindung mmit elektrischen Zahnbursten], Deutsche Zahnarztliche Zeitschrift, 33, 84
- Lim, 1995, Evaluation of a mechanical toothbrush for oral hygiene, Journal of Dental Research, 74, 589 (Abstract N
- Love, 1988, Effectiveness of a rotary action versus a manual toothbrush, Journal of Dental Research, 67, 125
- Mayer, 1978, [Rasterelektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen der Zahnoberflache], Deutsche Zahnarzliche Zeitschrift, 33, 599
- McAllan, 1977, Oral hygiene instruction in children using manual and electric toothbrushes. Benefits after six months, Journal of Periodontology, 48, 409
- Morris, 1997, DICRG report: Differences in attachment levels; INTERPLAK (r) vs. manual toothbrushes: 24 month comparison, Journal of Dental Research, 76, 204 (Abstract N
- Moschen, 1999, Clinical comparative study of one manual and three electric toothbrushes with different mechanical movement patterns, Deutsche Zahnarztliche Zeitschrift, 54, 372
- Palmer, 1999, Plaque removal capabilities of one manual and five automated toothbrushes, Journal of Dental Research, 78, 216 (Abstract N
- Pelka, 2008, Time-dependent cleaning effectivity of the Sonicare in comparison with the ADA manual tooth brush, Parodontologie, 19, 344
- Rashid, 1998, The effect upon plaque and gingivitis of two electrical and one manual toothbrush, Journal Dental Research, 77, 845 (Abstract N
- Sato, 1995, Effect of plaque removal by new electric toothbrush, Journal of Dental Research, 74, 575 (Abstract N
- Schuler, 1996, Plaque and gingivitis control in children and adults - a comparative study, Journal of Dental Research, 75, 86 (Abstract No
- Vervliet, 1989, The effectiveness of a powered toothbrush (interplak) on plaque removal: a pilot study, Journal of Dental Research, 68, 614
- Williams, 2003, Plaque removal efficacy of a prototype power toothbrush compared to a positive control manual toothbrush, American Journal of Dentistry, 16, 223
- Wilson, 1991, A clinical study to compare the antiplaque and antigingivitis effectiveness of 2 electric toothbrushes and a manual toothbrush after 3 months of normal usage, Journal of Periodontology, 62, 808
- Sharma, 2001, Comparative efficacy on supragingival plaque and gingivitis of a manual and battery powered toothbrush (Abstract FDI World Dental Congress), International Dental Journal, 51, 374
- British Society of Periodontology, 2012, The Young Practitioners Guide to Periodontology
- Chilton, 1962, Comparison of the clinical effectiveness of an electric and a standard toothbrush in normal individuals, Journal of the American Dental Association, 64, 777, 10.14219/jada.archive.1962.0155 · DOI
- Cross, 1962, A comparative study of tooth cleansing using conventional and electrically operated toothbrushes, British Dental Journal, 113, 19
- Elliot, 1963, A comparison of the effectiveness of a standard and electric toothbrush, Journal of Periodontology, 34, 375, 10.1902/jop.1963.34.4.375 · DOI
- Hoover, 1962, Effect of automatic and hand toothbrushing on gingivitis, Journal of the American Dental Association, 65, 361, 10.14219/jada.archive.1962.0262 · DOI
- The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager (RevMan). Version 5.2 2012
- Steele, 2011, 4: Complexity and Maintenance - a Report from the Adult Dental Health Survey 2009
- White, 2004, Children’s Dental Health in the UnitedKingdom, 2003
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 374
Zandoná, A. F., Ritter, A. V., & Eidson, R. S. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-47833-5.00002-2 · Cited by 18
Schmalz, G., Kiehl, K., Schmickler, J., Rinke, S., Schmidt, J., Krause, F., Haak, R., & Ziebolz, D. (2017) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-017-2200-5 · Cited by 18
Marshman, Z., Yousfi, S. E., Kellar, I., Dey, D., Robertson, M., Day, P. F., Chestnutt, I. G., Pavitt, S. H., Araújo, M. P., & Innes, N. (2021) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-021-01907-3 · Cited by 17
Deinzer, R., Weik, U., Eidenhardt, Z., Leufkens, D., & Sälzer, S. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0306302 · Cited by 19
Ikeda, T., Yoshizawa, K., Takahashi, K., Ishida, C., Komai, K., Kobayashi, K., & Sugiura, S. (2015) · Special Care in Dentistry · doi:10.1111/scd.12141 · Cited by 17
van der Sluijs, E., Slot, D. E., Hennequin‐Hoenderdos, N. L., Valkenburg, C., & van der Weijden, G. A. (2022) · International Journal of Dental Hygiene · doi:10.1111/idh.12597 · Cited by 17
Mylonopoulou, I.-M., Pepelassi, E., Madianos, P., & Halazonetis, D. J. (2021) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.02.016 · Cited by 16
Use of a powered toothbrush to improve oral health in individuals with mild cognitive impairment
Flyborg, J., Renvert, S., Berglund, J. S., & Anderberg, P. (2022) · Gerodontology · doi:10.1111/ger.12619 · Cited by 16
A naturalistic study of brushing patterns using powered toothbrushes
Essalat, M., Morrison, D. E., Kak, S., Chang, E. J., Penso, I. R., Kulchar, R. J., Padilla, O. H. M., & Shetty, V. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263638 · Cited by 16
Jeong, J.-S., Kim, K.-S., Lee, J., Kim, K., & Park, W. (2022) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-022-02665-6 · Cited by 18
Development and feasibility testing of an oral hygiene intervention for stroke unit care
Smith, C. J., Horne, M., McCracken, G., Young, D., Clements, I., Hulme, S., Ardron, C., Hamdy, S., Vail, A., Walls, A. W. G., et al. (2016) · Gerodontology · doi:10.1111/ger.12232 · Cited by 16
Toothbrush, its design and modifications : An Overview
Mehta, S., Vyaasini, C. V. S., Jindal, L., Sharma, V., & Jasuja, T. (2020) · Journal of Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.15520/jcmro.v3i08.322 · Cited by 16
Klonowicz, D., Czerwinska, M., Sirvent, A., & Gatignol, J.-P. (2018) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-018-0647-7 · Cited by 16
Erbe, C., Klukowska, M., Timm, H., Barker, M. L., van der Wielen, J., & Wehrbein, H. (2018) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/022618-159.1 · Cited by 16
Marchini, L., & Ettinger, R. L. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12072559 · Cited by 15
Kaneyasu, Y., Shigeishi, H., Niitani, Y., Takemoto, T., Sugiyama, M., & Ohta, K. (2024) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105240 · Cited by 16
Yeh, C.-H., Lin, C.-H., Ma, T.-L., Peng, T., Vo, T. T. T., Lin, W., Chen, Y., & Lee, I. (2024) · Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry · doi:10.2147/ccide.s490156 · Cited by 15
Baudet, A., Veynachter, T., Rousseau, H., Anagnostou, F., Jeanne, S., Orti, V., Thilly, N., Clément, C., & Bisson, C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17165982 · Cited by 15
Schmalz, G., Kiehl, K., Schmickler, J., Rinke, S., Schmidt, J., Krause, F., Haak, R., & Ziebolz, D. (2017) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-017-2306-9 · Cited by 15
Garyga, V., Pochelu, F., Thivichon-Prince, B., Aouini, W., Santamaria, J., Lambert, F., Maucort-Boulch, D., Gueyffier, F., Gritsch, K., & Grosgogeat, B. (2019) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3738-0 · Cited by 14
Nahum-Shani, I. B., Greer, Z. M., Trella, A. L., Zhang, K. W., Carpenter, S. M., Rünger, D., Elashoff, D. A., Murphy, S. A., & Shetty, V. (2024) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2024.107464 · Cited by 16
Kocher, T., Meisel, P., Baumeister, S. E., & Holtfreter, B. (2024) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12592 · Cited by 16
Schnabl, D., Wiesmüller, V., Hönlinger, V., Wimmer, S., Bruckmoser, E., & Kapferer‐Seebacher, I. (2020) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-020-03359-5 · Cited by 14
Fenning, R. M., Butter, E. M., Norris, M., Chan, J. G. M., Macklin, E. A., McKinnon-Bermingham, K., Albright, C. M., Stephenson, K. G., Scherr, J., Moffitt, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05660-6 · Cited by 14
Faggion, C. M., Wu, Y., Scheidgen, M., & Tu, Y. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139030 · Cited by 14
The Importance of Toothbrushing and Oral Hygiene in Maintaining Oral HealthPreprint
Pérez-Portilla, T., Ortíz-Benitez, D. L., Lucas-Rincón, S. E., Canseco-Prado, G., Delgado-Pérez, V. J., Scougall‐Vilchis, R. J., Robles-Bermeo, N. L., Alonso-Sánchez, C. C., Veras-Hernández, M. A., & Medina‐Solís, C. E. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0596.v1 · Cited by 14
Davidovich, E., Ccahuana-Vásquez, R. A., Grender, J. M., Timm, H., Gonen, H., & Zini, A. (2023) · International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry · doi:10.1111/ipd.13130 · Cited by 13
Swaaij, B. W. M. V., van der Weijden, G. A., Smith, R. J., Timmerman, M. F., & Slot, D. E. (2024) · International Journal of Dental Hygiene · doi:10.1111/idh.12843 · Cited by 14
Ccahuana-Vásquez, R. A., Conde, E., Grender, J. M., Cunningham, P., Qaqish, J., & Goyal, C. R. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 13
Halton, C., Duane, B. G., Batey, A. C., Wong, J., Corley, A., Hart, F., Koh, J., & Johnston, B. M. (2022) · BDJ · doi:10.1038/s41415-022-4914-2 · Cited by 13
A randomized trial of ethyl lauroyl arginate‐containing mouthrinse in the control of gingivitis
Gallob, J. T., Lynch, M. C., Charles, C. A., Ricci‐Nittel, D., Mordas, C. J., Gambogi, R. J., Revankar, R., Mutti, B., & Labella, R. (2015) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.12428 · Cited by 13
Health promotion through structured oral hygiene and good tooth alignment
Krämer, A., & Splieth, C. H. (2022) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3205/dgkh000411 · Cited by 12
Reichardt, E., Shyp, V., Alig, L., Verna, C., Kulik, E. M., & Bornstein, M. M. (2024) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2024.2304971 · Cited by 12
Sager, P., Kocher, T., Pitchika, V., Samietz, S., Völzke, H., Walter, C., & Holtfreter, B. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.13763 · Cited by 12
Effects of brushing duration on the efficacy of dental plaque removal: An in vitro study
Saghiri, M. A., Amanabi, M., Vakhnovetsky, J., Amini, S. B., & Samadi, E. (2023) · International Journal of Dental Hygiene · doi:10.1111/idh.12679 · Cited by 12
Malik, N. A., Yatim, S. M., Razak, F. B. A., Lam, O., Jin, L., Li, L. S. W., & McGrath, C. P. J. (2017) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.1111/joor.12582 · Cited by 12
Hygiène orale et parodontale chez les patients porteurs de dispositifs orthodontiques
Antezack, A., & Monnet‐Corti, V. (2018) · L Orthodontie Française · doi:10.1051/orthodfr/2018015 · Cited by 12
Cleansing efficacy of waist‐shaped inter‐dental brushes. A randomized‐controlled crossover study
Schnabl, D., Goebel, G., Kadletz, A., Gaenzer, H., Steiner, R., Laimer, J., & Kapferer‐Seebacher, I. (2019) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.13210 · Cited by 12
Barbe, A. G., Al-Barwari, A., Hamacher, S., Deinzer, R., Weik, U., & Noack, M. J. (2021) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-021-01590-4 · Cited by 12
Ardila, C. M., & Vivares‐Builes, A. M. (2024) · Dentistry Journal · doi:10.3390/dj12050120 · Cited by 11
Shekar, B. C., Mallam, N., Goel, S., Rudraswamy, S., & Srilatha, Y. (2017) · Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology · doi:10.4103/jisp.jisp_185_17 · Cited by 11
Powered toothbrushes for plaque control in fixed orthodontic patients: a network meta‐analysis
Sivaramakrishnan, G., Alsobaiei, M., & Sridharan, K. (2020) · Australian Dental Journal · doi:10.1111/adj.12798 · Cited by 11
Matayoshi, S., Nomura, R., Kitamura, T., Okawa, R., & Nakano, K. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80646-x · Cited by 11
Farook, F. F., Alrumi, A., Aldalaan, K., Ababneh, K. T., Alshammari, A., Alkhamees, A., & Albalawi, F. (2023) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-023-03035-6 · Cited by 16
Holloway, J. A., Davies, M., McCarthy, C., Khan, I., Claydon, N., & West, N. X. (2021) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103862 · Cited by 10
Ortega, O., Guidotti, L., Yoshimatsu, Y., Sitges, C., Martos, J., Miró, J., Martín, A., Amadó, C., & Clavé, P. (2024) · Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-2445-8952 · Cited by 11
Donos, N., Suvan, J. E., Calciolari, E., Nibali, L., & Rollnick, S. (2020) · Journal of Periodontal Research · doi:10.1111/jre.12790 · Cited by 10
Olsén, L., Brissman, A., Wiman, S., Eriksson, F., Kaj, C., & Enlund, K. B. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani11092481 · Cited by 10
Mamat, N., Mani, S. A., & Danaee, M. (2022) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-022-02137-x · Cited by 10
Flyborg, J., Renvert, S., Anderberg, P., Larsson, T., & Berglund, J. S. (2023) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-023-05407-2 · Cited by 10
Bain, C., Sayed, A. A., Kaklamanos, E. G., & Kazi, H. A. (2018) · The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2401 · Cited by 10
Geisinger, M. L., Kaur, M., & Basma, H. S. (2019) · Current Oral Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s40496-019-00224-7 · Cited by 10
Electric and Manual Oral Hygiene Routines Affect Plaque Index Score Differently
Bahammam, S., Chen, C., Ishida, Y., Hayashi, A., Ikeda, Y., Ishii, H., Kim, D. M., & Nagai, S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182413123 · Cited by 10
Ceinos, R., Bertrand, M.-F., Cucchi, C., & Lupi, L. (2017) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-017-0452-8 · Cited by 12
Older people's preferences and expectations of preventive oral care in the home
Blasi, A. M., Vonhoegen, L., Herrler, A., Wicht, M. J., & Barbe, A. G. (2023) · Gerodontology · doi:10.1111/ger.12698 · Cited by 11
Dağdeviren, F., van der Weijden, G. A., Zijlstra, C. P. (., & Slot, D. E. (2025) · International Journal of Dental Hygiene · doi:10.1111/idh.12915 · Cited by 9
Bacteraemia of oral origin in children—A Systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Höfer, K. C., Graf, I., Adams, A., Kuhr, K., Plum, G., Schwendicke, F., Brockmeier, K., & Noack, M. J. (2021) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.13957 · Cited by 10
Baumer, C., Schmidtmann, I. M., Ohlendorf, D., Peron, P. F., Wehrbein, H., & Erbe, C. (2023) · International Journal of Dental Hygiene · doi:10.1111/idh.12763 · Cited by 9
The Relationship between Orthodontic Treatment and Dental Caries
Metin-Gürsoy, G., & Uzuner, F. D. (2018) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.76470 · Cited by 9
Oral Health Care of People with Down Syndrome in Germany
Schmidt, P., Suchy, L. C., & Schulte, A. G. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191912435 · Cited by 9
Effect of a multichannel oral irrigator on periodontal health and the oral microbiome
Kim, J., Yoo, S.-Y., An, J., Woo, J. J., Cho, Y., Park, H. E., & Karm, M.-H. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-38894-0 · Cited by 9
O cuidado oral de pacientes em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Pereira, V. O. S. (2019) · doi:10.11606/d.22.2019.tde-30072019-130325 · Cited by 9
Plaque scores after 1 or 2 minutes of toothbrushing A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Seuntjens, M. T., Thomassen, T. M. J. A., van der Weijden, G. A., & Slot, D. E. (2025) · International Journal of Dental Hygiene · doi:10.1111/idh.12840 · Cited by 8
Fact or Fiction? Powered Toothbrushing is More Effective than Manual Toothbrushing.
Goh, E. X. J., & Lim, L. P. (2017) · PubMed · doi:10.3290/j.ohpd.a37710 · Cited by 8
Fernandes-Costa, A. N., Menezes, K. D. M., Borges, S. B., Roncalli, Â. G., Calderón, P. D. S., & Gurgel, B. C. D. V. (2019) · Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research · doi:10.1111/cid.12833 · Cited by 8
Singh, U. P., Lumry, W. R., Busse, P. J., Wedner, H. J., Banerji, A., Craig, T., Li, H. H., Tachdjian, R., Jacobs, J., Riedl, M. A., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice · doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.05.041 · Cited by 8
Mouthwash Effects on LGG-Integrated Experimental Oral Biofilms
Jiang, Q., Kainulainen, V., Stamatova, I., Janket, S., Meurman, J. H., & Korpela, R. (2020) · Dentistry Journal · doi:10.3390/dj8030096 · Cited by 8
Lewis, R. D., Kanagasingam, S., Cook, N., Krysmann, M. J., Taylor, K., & Pisani, F. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12101035 · Cited by 8
Flyborg, J., Renvert, S., Anderberg, P., & Berglund, J. S. (2024) · Special Care in Dentistry · doi:10.1111/scd.13040 · Cited by 7
Oral State and Salivary Cortisol in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Kapel-Reguła, A., Chojdak-Łukasiewicz, J., Rybińska, A., Duś‐Ilnicka, I., & Radwan‐Oczko, M. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12102277 · Cited by 8
Efficacy of sonic-powered toothbrushes for plaque removal in patients with peri-implant mucositis
Lee, J., Lim, J. H., Lee, J., Kim, S., Koo, K., Seol, Y., Ku, Y., Lee, Y., & Rhyu, I. (2015) · Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science · doi:10.5051/jpis.2015.45.2.56 · Cited by 7
Alshammari, A., Farook, F. F., Fallatah, A. A., Aldosari, S., Ababneh, K. T., & Aleissa, B. M. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.28453 · Cited by 7
Droplet Sizes Emitted from Demonstration Electric Toothbrushes
Mark, E. P., Lewis, M. A. O., Graziani, F., Atlas, B., & Utsch, J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18052320 · Cited by 7
Potting, C. M. J., van Leeuwen, S. J. M., Kurstjens, M., Bronkhorst, E. M., Thomas, R. Z., Blijlevens, N. M. A., & Huysmans, M. C. D. N. J. M. (2021) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.13899 · Cited by 6
Comparison of the efficacy of parental brushing using powered versus manual tooth brush
Purushotham, P. M., Rao, A. P., Natarajan, S., & Suprabha, B. S. (2021) · Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry · doi:10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_465_20 · Cited by 7
Johal, A., Shagmani, M., Alfuraih, O., & Arad, I. (2023) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjad042 · Cited by 6
Cleaning Teeth Reduces the Inflammatory Response of Macrophages to Acid Dentine Lysate
Nasirzade, J., Kargarpour, Z., Panahipour, L., Schwarz, F., & Gruber, R. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21239207 · Cited by 6
Correlates of oral health fatalism in caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder
Hammersmith, K. J., Harlan, T. A., Fenning, R. M., Chan, J. G. M., Stephenson, K. G., Macklin, E. A., Casamassimo, P. S., Townsend, J. A., Butter, E. M., & Steinberg-Epstein, R. (2021) · Special Care in Dentistry · doi:10.1111/scd.12564 · Cited by 8
Hamza, B., Uka, E., Körner, P., Attin, T., & Wegehaupt, F. J. (2021) · International Journal of Dental Hygiene · doi:10.1111/idh.12531 · Cited by 6
Zahra, A. A. A., Audrey, N. W., Ichyana, D. S., Saskianti, T., Pradopo, S., Nelwan, S. C., & Masyithah, M. (2021) · Indonesian Journal of Dental Medicine · doi:10.20473/ijdm.v4i1.2021.6-10 · Cited by 6
Efficacy of a sonic toothbrush on plaque removal—A video-controlled explorative clinical trial
Schlueter, N., Fiedler, S., Mueller, M., Walter, C., Difloe-Geisert, J. C., Vach, K., & Ganss, C. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261496 · Cited by 6
Gomez‐Pereira, P., Axe, A. S., Butler, A. R., Qaqish, J. G., & Goyal, C. R. (2022) · Clinical and Experimental Dental Research · doi:10.1002/cre2.556 · Cited by 6
Silva, F. H., Montagner, A. F., Silveira, M. C., & Muniz, F. W. M. G. (2022) · International Journal of Dental Hygiene · doi:10.1111/idh.12640 · Cited by 6
Wu, J., Li, J.-Y., Du, J., & Lee, C. (2023) · Journal of Oral Science · doi:10.2334/josnusd.22-0307 · Cited by 6
Deshpande, A. N., Naik, K., Deshpande, A. N., Joshi, N., Jaiswal, V., & Raol, R. (2023) · International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2533 · Cited by 6
Saroya, K. K., Gupta, A., Shrivastava, R., Mehta, N., & Goyal, A. (2024) · Special Care in Dentistry · doi:10.1111/scd.12974 · Cited by 6
Statie, M. D., Lomonaco, I., Nieri, M., Giuntini, V., Franceschi, D., & Franchi, L. (2024) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-024-05601-w · Cited by 6
Technology for maintaining oral care after stroke: considerations for patient-centered practice
Gurgel-Juarez, N. C., Egan, M. Y., Wiseman, M. A., Finestone, H. M., & Flowers, H. L. (2020) · Disability and Rehabilitation Assistive Technology · doi:10.1080/17483107.2020.1822450 · Cited by 11
Chowdhary, Z., Loitongbam, M., Mohan, R., & Mehrotra, S. (2020) · Indian Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_163_18 · Cited by 6
Mensi, M., Scotti, E., Sordillo, A., Brognoli, V., Dominici, M. P., & Calza, S. (2021) · International Journal of Dental Hygiene · doi:10.1111/idh.12541 · Cited by 5
Treatment of periodontal diseases: Latin America and the Caribbean Consensus 2024
Fischer, R. G., do Amaral, G. C. L. S., Huamán‐Mendoza, A. A., BUENO, L. R., & Villar, C. C. (2024) · Brazilian Oral Research · doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0121 · Cited by 5
van Doornik, S. P., van Kammen, L., Ren, Y., Manton, D. J., & Kuijpers‐Jagtman, A. M. (2025) · Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research · doi:10.1111/ocr.12904 · Cited by 6
Adam, R., Grender, J. M., Timm, H., Goyal, C. R., & Qaqish, J. G. (2025) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2025.04.015 · Cited by 5
Entwicklung der Zahn- und Mundgesundheit in Deutschland von 1997 bis 2014
Kocher, T., Holtfreter, B., Pitchika, V., Kuhr, K., & Jordan, R. A. (2021) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-021-03345-6 · Cited by 5
Wagner, S. R., Eriksen, C. L. D., Hede, B., & Christensen, L. B. (2021) · BDJ · doi:10.1038/s41415-021-3169-7 · Cited by 5
Nakai, K., Tanaka, H., Fukuzawa, K., Nakajima, J., Ozaki, M., Kato, N., & Kawato, T. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12060771 · Cited by 5
Thomassen, T. M. J. A., van der Weijden, G. A., Sälzer, S., & Slot, D. E. (2024) · International Journal of Dental Hygiene · doi:10.1111/idh.12799 · Cited by 5
Polak, A.-L., Wiesmüller, V., Sigwart, L., Nemec, N., Niederegger, L., & Kapferer‐Seebacher, I. (2024) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-024-05882-1 · Cited by 5
Cerajewska, T. L., Davies, M., Allen, S. J., Swirski, M., Coulthard, E. J., & West, N. X. (2024) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105355 · Cited by 5
Herz, M. M., Celebi, N., Bruckner, T. M., & Bartha, V. (2022) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-022-04501-1 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Yaacob, M., Worthington, H. V., Deacon, S. A., Deery, C., Walmsley, A. D., Robinson, P. G., & Glenny, A.-M.
- Affiliations
- International Islamic University Malaysia (MY)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Frenchay Hospital (GB)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-06-17
- Volume
- 2014
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- CD002281-CD002281
- ISSN
- 1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-1858
- PMC
- PMC7133541
- OpenAlex
- W1857110780
- Cited by
- 374
- References
- 218
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 3.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (publishedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › Dental Health and Care Utilization
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
- Keywords
- powered toothbrushes, manual toothbrush, dental plaque removal, gingival health, gingivitis, gingival bleeding, tooth discoloration, dental calculus, oral hygiene, toothbrushing frequency, toothbrushing duration, children, adults, cost-effectiveness, adverse effects, oral health behavior
- MeSH terms
- Dental Devices, Home Care, Dental Plaque, Gingival Diseases, Gingivitis, Humans, Oral Health, Periodontal Diseases, Toothbrushing, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
