Cited by 118Blood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesSodium Intake and HealthDiet and metabolism studies

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Long-term effects of weight-reducing diets in people with hypertension

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Semlitsch, Thomas, Jeitler, Klaus, Berghold, Andrea, Horvath, Karl, Posch, Nicole, Poggenburg, Stephanie, Siebenhofer, Andrea·2016·Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd008274.pub3PMC PMC7154764

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: All major guidelines for antihypertensive therapy recommend weight loss. Dietary interventions that aim to reduce body weight might therefore be a useful intervention to reduce blood pressure and adverse cardiovascular events associated with hypertension. OBJECTIVES: Primary objectives To assess the long-term effects of weight-reducing diets in people with hypertension on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular morbidity, and adverse events (including total serious adverse events, withdrawal due to adverse events, and total non-serious adverse events). Secondary objectives To assess the long-term effects of weight-reducing diets in people with hypertension on change from baseline in systolic blood pressure, change from baseline in diastolic blood pressure, and body weight reduction. SEARCH METHODS: For this updated review, the Cochrane Hypertension Information Specialist searched the following databases for randomised controlled trials up to April 2020: the Cochrane Hypertension Specialised Register, CENTRAL (2020, Issue 3), Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov. We also contacted authors of relevant papers about further published and unpublished work. The searches had no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of at least 24 weeks' duration that compared weight-reducing dietary interventions to no dietary intervention in adults with primary hypertension. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: , we used a random-effects model. MAIN RESULTS: This second review update did not reveal any new trials, so the number of included trials remains the same: eight RCTs involving a total of 2100 participants with high blood pressure and a mean age of 45 to 66 years. Mean treatment duration was 6 to 36 months. We judged the risks of bias as unclear or high for all but two trials. No study included mortality as a predefined outcome. One RCT evaluated the effects of dietary weight loss on a combined endpoint consisting of the necessity of reinstating antihypertensive therapy and severe cardiovascular complications. In this RCT, weight-reducing diet lowered the endpoint compared to no diet: hazard ratio 0.70 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57 to 0.87). None of the trials evaluated adverse events as designated in our protocol. The certainty of the evidence was low for a blood pressure reduction in participants assigned to weight-loss diets as compared to controls: systolic blood pressure: mean difference (MD) -4.5 mm Hg (95% CI -7.2 to -1.8 mm Hg) (3 studies, 731 participants), and diastolic blood pressure: MD -3.2 mm Hg (95% CI -4.8 to -1.5 mm Hg) (3 studies, 731 participants). We judged the certainty of the evidence to be high for weight reduction in dietary weight loss groups as compared to controls: MD -4.0 kg (95% CI -4.8 to -3.2) (5 trials, 880 participants). Two trials used withdrawal of antihypertensive medication as their primary outcome. Even though we did not consider this a relevant outcome for our review, the results of these RCTs strengthen the finding of a reduction of blood pressure by dietary weight-loss interventions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In this second update, the conclusions remain unchanged, as we found no new trials. In people with primary hypertension, weight-loss diets reduced body weight and blood pressure, but the magnitude of the effects are uncertain due to the small number of participants and studies included in the analyses. Whether weight loss reduces mortality and morbidity is unknown. No useful information on adverse effects was reported in the relevant trials.

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Tanaka, M. (2019) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-019-0348-x · Cited by 113
Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease
McMahon, E., Campbell, K. L., Bauer, J. D., Mudge, D. W., & Kelly, J. T. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010070.pub3 · Cited by 101
Digital Therapeutics in Hypertension: Evidence and Perspectives
Kario, K., Harada, N., & Okura, A. (2022) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19414 · Cited by 104
Position paper of the European Society of Cardiology–working group of coronary pathophysiology and microcirculation: obesity and heart disease
Badimón, L., Bugiardini, R., Cenko, E., Cubedo, J., Dorobanţu, M., Duncker, D. J., Estruch, R., Miličić, D., Tousoulis, D., Vasiljević, Z., et al. (2017) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx181 · Cited by 89
“However, long-term adherence to low-fat diets is limited(56) and for those who lost weight, gain relapses usually occur after 6– 12 months.(57) In addition, a meta-analysis comparing low- vs.”
Background
Validation of obesity‐related diagnosis codes in claims data
Suissa, K., Schneeweiss, S., Lin, K. J., Brill, G., Kim, S. C., & Patorno, E. (2021) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14512 · Cited by 89
Dietary Intervention to Improve Blood Pressure Control: Beyond Salt Restriction
Cicero, A. F. G., Veronesi, M., & Fogacci, F. (2021) · High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention · doi:10.1007/s40292-021-00474-6 · Cited by 90
Oxidative and inflammatory signals in obesity-associated vascular abnormalities
Reho, J. J., & Rahmouni, K. (2017) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20170219 · Cited by 78
Weight Loss Medications in the Treatment of Obesity and Hypertension
Cohen, J. B., & Gadde, K. M. (2019) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-019-0915-1 · Cited by 81
Association of Isolated Diastolic Hypertension Based on the Cutoff Value in the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Blood Pressure Guidelines With Subsequent Cardiovascular Events in the General Population
Kaneko, H., Itoh, H., Yotsumoto, H., Kiriyama, H., Kamon, T., Fujiu, K., Morita, K., Michihata, N., Jo, T., Takeda, N., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.120.017963 · Cited by 74
Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: inter-relation of risk factors and treatment
Sharma, A., Mittal, S., Aggarwal, R., & Chauhan, M. K. (2020) · Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1186/s43094-020-00151-w · Cited by 83
Recognition and Management of Resistant Hypertension
Braam, B. G., Taler, S. J., Rahman, M., Fillaus, J. A., Greco, B., Forman, J. P., Reisin, E., Cohen, D. L., Saklayen, M. G., & Hedayati, S. S. (2016) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.06180616 · Cited by 73
“However, hard outcomes were not studied in any of the included trials (50).”
Background
An update on the assessment and management of metabolic syndrome, a growing medical emergency in paediatric populations
Mameli, C., Zuccotti, G., Carnovale, C., Galli, E., Nannini, P., Cervia, D., & Perrotta, C. (2017) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.017 · Cited by 63
Diagnosis and management of resistant hypertension
Schiffrin, E. L., & Fisher, N. D. L. (2024) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-079108 · Cited by 64
Nursing case management for people with hypertension in primary health care: A randomized controlled trial
Mattei, Â. T., Mantovani, M. D. F., Moreira, R. C., Arthur, J. P., & de Souza, R. M. (2019) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.21994 · Cited by 59
Treatment of Obesity in Mitigating Metabolic Risk
Heffron, S. P., Parham, J. S., Pendse, J., & Alemán, J. O. (2020) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.119.315897 · Cited by 62
The Effect of Vegan Diets on Blood Pressure in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Lopez, P. D., Cativo, E. H., Atlas, S. A., & Rosendorff, C. (2019) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.01.044 · Cited by 60
The Burden of Resistant Hypertension Across the World
Brant, L. C. C., Passaglia, L. G., Filho, M. M. P., de Castilho, F. M., Ribeiro, A. L. P., & Nascimento, B. R. (2022) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-022-01173-w · Cited by 57
Hypertension Canada guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in adults in primary care
Goupil, R., Tsuyuki, R. T., Santesso, N., Terenzi, K. A., Habert, J., Cheng, G., Gysel, S. C., Bruneau, J., Leung, A. A., Campbell, N. R. C., et al. (2025) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.241770 · Cited by 60
“53 Weight-reducing medications such as glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists are also effective in improving BP.”
The Effect of Semaglutide on Blood Pressure in Patients without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Kennedy, C., Hayes, P. C., Salama, S., Hennessy, M., & Fogacci, F. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12030772 · Cited by 52
“A recently updated Cochrane review of weight loss diets in populations with hypertension identified eight trials with 2100 participants on which to base their analysis [25].”
Associations of genetic susceptibility and healthy lifestyle with incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke in individuals with hypertension
Wang, M., Brage, S., Sharp, S. J., Luo, S., Yeung, S. L. A., & Kim, Y. (2022) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwac135 · Cited by 48
Changes in Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control in High-, Middle-, and Low-Income Countries: An Update
Cífková, R., Fodor, G. J., & Wohlfahrt, P. (2016) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-016-0669-y · Cited by 48
Long-term effects of weight-reducing diets in people with hypertension
Semlitsch, T., Krenn, C., Jeitler, K., Berghold, A., Horvath, K., & Siebenhofer, A. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008274.pub4 · Cited by 47
“Since our last search for dietary interventions performed in February/March 2015 (Semlitsch 2016), we could identify no additional trials addressing our research question.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Effect of Hemoglobin A1c Reduction or Weight Reduction on Blood Pressure in Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonist and Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter‐2 Inhibitor Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta‐Analysis
Hu, M., Cai, X., Yang, W., Zhang, S., Nie, L., & Ji, L. (2020) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.119.015323 · Cited by 46
Effects of different weight loss approaches on CVD risk
Clifton, P. M., & Keogh, J. B. (2018) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-018-0728-8 · Cited by 36
Implementation of non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of hypertension in primary care: a narrative review of effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, barriers, and facilitators
Dhungana, R. R., Pedišić, Ž., & de Courten, M. (2022) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-022-01884-8 · Cited by 42
“Although restrictive diets are associated with a reduction in blood pressure [105–107], very little is known about their long-term impact on other aspects of health of people with hypertension [105].”
Background
The role of body mass index in the association between dietary sodium intake and blood pressure: A mediation analysis with NHANES
Feng, Q., Yang, Z., May, M., Tsoi, K. K. F., Ingle, S. M., Lee, E. K. P., Wong, S. Y. S., & Kim, J. H. (2021) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2021.08.051 · Cited by 33
Pharmacotherapy of Obesity: Limits and Perspectives
Rosa-Gonçalves, P., & Majerowicz, D. (2019) · American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40256-019-00328-6 · Cited by 33
A multicenter clinical trial to assess the efficacy of the digital therapeutics for essential hypertension: Rationale and design of the HERB‐DH1 trial
Kario, K., Nomura, A., Harada, N., Tanigawa, T., So, R., Nakagawa, K., Suzuki, S., Okura, A., Hida, E., & Satake, K. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.13993 · Cited by 32
Nitrate-Rich Fruit and Vegetable Supplement Reduces Blood Pressure in Normotensive Healthy Young Males without Significantly Altering Flow-Mediated Vasodilation: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Controlled Trial
Sweazea, K. L., Johnston, C. S., Miller, B., & Gumpricht, E. (2018) · Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1155/2018/1729653 · Cited by 29
Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and hypertension risk: results of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
Francisco, S. C., Araújo, L. F., Griep, R. H., Chor, D., Molina, M. D. C. B., Mil, J. G., Benseñor, I. M., Matos, S. M. A., Barreto, S. M., & Giatti, L. (2020) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114520000124 · Cited by 33
“may also contribute to optimal BP levels, since excess weight is related to increased BP and incidence of hypertension(25,26).”
Background
Comparison of lifestyle changes and pharmacological treatment on cardiovascular risk factors
Marques-Vidal, P. M. (2020) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2019-316252 · Cited by 27
Hypertension prevalence in patients attending tertiary pain management services, a registry-based Australian cohort study
Giummarra, M. J., Tardif, H. P., Blanchard, M. B., Tonkin, A. M., & Arnold, C. A. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228173 · Cited by 24
“Cognitive-behavioural and lifestyle-focussed interventions can successfully improve activity capacity and fitness, and reduce activity avoidance [55], while also reducing excess body weight [56], through gradual increases in physical therapy and activity pacing.”
Background
Are Current Guidelines Perpetuating Weight Stigma? A Weight-Skeptical Approach to the Care of Patients with Obesity
Hagan, S., & Nelson, K. (2023) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-022-07821-w · Cited by 26
Weight loss facilitates reduction of left ventricular mass in obese hypertensive patients: The Campania Salute Network
Lønnebakken, M. T., Mancusi, C., Losi, M. A., Gerdts, E., Izzo, R., Manzi, M. V., LUCA, N. D., SIMONE, G. D., & Trimarco, B. (2018) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2018.10.010 · Cited by 22
Investigation and management of resistant hypertension: British and Irish Hypertension Society position statement
Faconti, L., George, J., Partridge, S., Maniero, C., Sathyanarayanan, A., Kulkarni, S., Kapil, V., Petrosino, A., Lewis, P., McCormack, T., et al. (2024) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/s41371-024-00983-6 · Cited by 23
Resistant Hypertension Updated Guidelines
Chernova, I., & Krishnan, N. (2019) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-019-1209-6 · Cited by 21
Predictors and correlates of systolic blood pressure reduction with liraglutide treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes
Wijkman, M. O., Dena, M., Dahlqvist, S., Sofizadeh, S., Hirsch, I. B., Tuomilehto, J. O., Mårtensson, J., Torffvit, O., Imberg, H., Saeed, A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.13447 · Cited by 18
Use of physician‐recommended non‐pharmacological strategies for hypertension control among hypertensive patients
Liu, X., Byrd, J. B., & Rodríguez, C. J. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.13203 · Cited by 16
The Effect of Head and Neck Radiotherapy on Blood Pressure and Orthostatic Hypotension in Patients With Head and Neck Tumors
Leibowitz, A., Grossman, E., Berkovitch, A., Levartovsky, M., Appel, S., Sharabi, Y., & Gluck, I. (2017) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpx158 · Cited by 17
The impact of a significant weight loss on inflammation assessed on DCE-MRI and static MRI in knee osteoarthritis: a prospective cohort study
Daugaard, C. L., Henriksen, M., Riis, R., Bandak, E., Nybing, J. D., Hangaard, S., Bliddal, H., & Boesen, M. (2020) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2020.02.837 · Cited by 17
A preoperative package of care for osteoarthritis, consisting of weight loss, orthotics, rehabilitation, and topical and oral analgesia (OPPORTUNITY): a two-centre, open-label, randomised controlled feasibility trial
Simpson, H., Clement, N. D., Simpson, S. A., Pandit, H., Smillie, S., Leeds, A., Conaghan, P. G., Kingsbury, S. R., Hamilton, D. F., Craig, P., et al. (2024) · The Lancet Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00337-5 · Cited by 15
Effects of Intermittent Compared With Continuous Energy Restriction on Blood Pressure Control in Overweight and Obese Patients With Hypertension
He, C., Fei, Y.-P., Zhu, C., Yao, M., Qian, G., Hu, H., & Zhai, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.750714 · Cited by 15
“have shown that continuous weight-loss diets reduced body weight and BP in individuals with primary hypertension (17).”
Background
Effect of Intentional Weight Loss on Mortality Biomarkers in Older Adults With Obesity
Roe, L. S., Beavers, D. P., Kiel, J., Kritchevsky, S. B., & Beavers, K. M. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gly192 · Cited by 13
A 28-Day Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet Improves Markers of Cardiometabolic Health and Performance in Professional Firefighters
Waldman, H. S., Smith, J. W., Lamberth, J., Fountain, B. J., & McAllister, M. J. (2019) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003354 · Cited by 16
“007) are in agreement with previous studies which found weight reductions of 2–4 kg also resulted in decreases of almost 5 mm Hg in both SBP andDBP (41,42).”
Result
Dietary protein and blood pressure: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and evaluation of the evidence
Boeing, H., Amini, A. M., Haardt, J., Schmidt, A., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Buyken, A. E., Egert, S., Ellinger, S., Kroke, A., Stefan Lorkowski, A., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-024-03336-8 · Cited by 14
Impacts of the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio, sleep efficiency, and conventional risk factors on home hypertension in a general Japanese population
Hirata, T., Kogure, M., Tsuchiya, N., Miyagawa, K., Narita, A., Nochioka, K., Uruno, A., Obara, T., Nakamura, T., Nakaya, N., et al. (2021) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-021-00628-y · Cited by 12
Type 2 Diabetes Incidence and Mortality: Associations with Physical Activity, Fitness, Weight Loss, and Weight Cycling
Gaesser, G. A. (2022) · Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.31083/j.rcm2311364 · Cited by 13
Effect of Body Weight Change on Blood Pressure in a Japanese General Population with a Body Mass Index ≥ 22 kg/m2
Itoh, H., Kaneko, H., Kiriyama, H., Nakanishi, K., Mizuno, Y., Daimon, M., Morita, H., Yamamichi, N., & Komuro, I. (2019) · International Heart Journal · doi:10.1536/ihj.19-314 · Cited by 11
Daily self-reported behavioural efficacy records on hypertension digital therapeutics as digital metrics associated with the reduction in morning home blood pressure: post-hoc analysis of HERB-DH1 trial
Hisaki, F., Aga, M., Tomitani, N., Okawara, Y., Harada, N., & Kario, K. (2023) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-023-01434-4 · Cited by 11
“The management of hypertension signi ﬁ cantly bene ﬁ ts from targeted interventions such as salt reduction [9] and weight reduction [10].”
Associations between PM2.5 exposure duration and physical activity intensity on the health of hypertension in urban residents of Beijing
Wang, F., & Wang, X. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-12698-z · Cited by 11
Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment a clinical consensus statement from the Thai hypertension society
Chattranukulchai, P., Roubsanthisuk, W., Kunanon, S., Kotruchin, P., Satirapoj, B., Wongpraparut, N., Sunthornyothin, S., & Sukonthasarn, A. (2024) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-024-01785-6 · Cited by 11
“Weight reduction through diet control is well-established to lower BP among patients with hypertension [23].”
BackgroundMethod
Lifestyle modification strategies for controlling hypertension: How are these strategies recommended by physicians in Iran?
Ahmadi, S., Sajjadi, H., Nejad, F. N., Ahmadi, N., Karimi, S. E., Yoosefi, M., & Rafiey, H. (2019) · PubMed Central · doi:10.34171/mjiri.33.43 · Cited by 9
Nonpharmacological Management of Resistant Hypertension
Sabbahi, A., Severin, R. S., Laddu, D., Sharman, J. E., Arena, R. A., & Ozemek, C. (2021) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-021-01601-4 · Cited by 9
Identifying Patterns and Predictors of Lifestyle Modification in Electronic Health Record Documentation Using Statistical and Machine Learning Methods
Shoenbill, K., Song, Y.-Q., Craven, M., Johnson, H., Smith, M. A., & Mendonça, E. (2020) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106061 · Cited by 9
Selective prevention of cardiovascular disease using integrated lifestyle intervention in primary care: protocol of the Healthy Heart stepped-wedge trial
Bonten, T. N., Verkleij, S., van der Kleij, R., Busch, K., van den Hout, W. B., Chavannes, N. H., & Numans, M. E. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043829 · Cited by 7
Blood Pressure-Lowering Therapy
Sudano, I., Osto, E., & Ruschitzka, F. T. (2020) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2020_372 · Cited by 7
“Indeed, the overall efficacy of lifestyle interventions in reducing cardiovascular outcomes has been questioned by the results of the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Study (Look, Ahead Research Group et al. 2013; Semlitsch et al. 2016).”
Background
Standardized ethanol-water extract of Ficus deltoidea Angustifolia reduces blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Kamal, M. S. A., Ismail, N. H., Satar, N. A., Azis, N. A., Radjeni, Z., Noor, H. S. M., Kasim, N., & Singh, H. J. (2019) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.1080/10641963.2018.1506467 · Cited by 6
“Body weight is known to influence blood pressure, where higher blood pressure is often recorded in overweight and obese individuals (24–26) and body weight loss is associated with decreased blood pressure (27,28).”
Background
Which is more effective in hypertension?: Salt-free diet vs DASH diet
Çapar, A. G., & Yılmaz, M. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000041636 · Cited by 5
“[4,5] It has been discovered that among the DASH diets with varying sodium levels, the low sodium DASH diet has a greater lowering effect on SBP, DBP and also reduces the urinary sodium and potassium excretion rate.”
Hypotensive and HbA1c reducing effect of novel dietary intervention program “COMB meal program”: Two randomized clinical trials
Shobako, N., Goto, C., Nakagawa, T., Yamato, T., Kondo, S., Nakamura, F., Nakazeko, T., Hirano, Y., & Honda, K. (2022) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2022.105279 · Cited by 6
Behavioral Interventions in Hypertension: A Lifestyle Medicine Approach
Wani, R. T., Khader, K., & Udawat, P. (2023) · Indian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.4103/ijph.ijph_672_23 · Cited by 5
Obesity and Hypertension
Ersoy, C., & Ersoy, A. (2019) · Turkish Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.46310/tjim.634597 · Cited by 5
Hypertension Control and Guideline-Recommended Target Blood Pressure Goal Achievement at an Early Stage of Hypertension in the UAE
Bhagavathula, A. S., Shah, S. M. A., Suliman, A., Oulhaj, A., & Aburawi, E. H. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11010047 · Cited by 5
Lifestyle modification strategies for controlling hypertension: How are these strategies recommended by physicians in Iran?
Ahmadi, S., Sajjadi, H., Nejad, F. N., Ahmadi, N., Karimi, S. E., Yoosefi, M., & Rafiey, H. (2019) · Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · doi:10.47176/mjiri.33.43 · Cited by 4
Investigation of Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Patients with and without Antithrombotic Therapy in a Real-World Setting
Odaguchi, N., Sakima, A., & Nakada, S. (2020) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.1080/10641963.2020.1860079 · Cited by 3
Obesity and Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Treatment
Hall, M. E., Omoto, A. C. M., do Carmo, J. M., da Silva, A. A., & Hall, J. E. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88369-6.00037-2 · Cited by 3
A review on the current drugs and new targets for obesity
Poojashree, M. J. (2020) · Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.18231/j.joapr.2019.v.8.i.1.002 · Cited by 3
Role of hypertension in the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome among black adults: The Jackson Heart Study
Ghazi, L., Dubal, M., Bertoni, A. G., Carson, A. P., Young, B. A., Lewis, C. E., Alanaeme, C. J., Johnson, D. A., Shimbo, D., Foti, K. E., et al. (2025) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/s41371-025-01078-6 · Cited by 2
“Hypertension is a common metabolic risk factor among United States adults, and its prevalence is a higher among adults with versus without obesity.”
Addressing alcohol use among blood pressure patients in Thai primary care: Lessons from a survey-based stakeholder consultation
Lemp, J. M., Pengpid, S., Buntup, D., Bärnighausen, T., Geldsetzer, P., Peltzer, K., Rehm, J. T., Sornpaisarn, B., & Probst, C. (2022) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101954 · Cited by 3
Early Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Women With Hereditary Burdening by Cardiovascular Diseases
Stryuk, R. I., Brytkova, Y. V., Berns, S. A., Крикунов, П. В., Татаринова, О. В., Tektova, A. S., Osmanova, M. M., Иванова, Т. Б., Barkova, E., & Kozhukhovskaya, O. L. (2018) · Kardiologiia · doi:10.18087/cardio.2018.6.10133 · Cited by 2
Upgrading Global Hypertension Management through Self-Monitoring and a Culturally Adapted BASNEF Model: A Mixed-Method Study in a Resource-Limited SettingPreprint
Villarino, R. T. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.31219/osf.io/gz45w · Cited by 2
Factors Associated with Nonachievement of Target Blood Pressure in Patients on Antithrombotic Therapy: A Real-World Study
Odaguchi, N., Sakima, A., Yara, T. E. L., & Shiroma, I. (2022) · JMA Journal · doi:10.31662/jmaj.2021-0146 · Cited by 1
“0 mmHg ((19)), and a meta-analysis reported a significant reduction in BP following a weight loss of 4 kg ((20)).”
Background
The inverted U-shaped relationship between weight loss percentage and cardiovascular health scores
Chen, F., Zhang, Y., & Chen, S. (2023) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-023-01619-3 · Cited by 1
Body mass index and sarcopenia and mortality risk among older hypertensive outpatients; the Nambu Cohort Study
Inoue, T., Matsuoka, M., Tamashiro, M., Arasaki, O., & Arima, H. (2024) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-024-01921-2 · Cited by 1
“Weight reduction, in particular, provides signi ﬁ cant anti-hypertensive bene ﬁ ts [11, 12].”
Obesity and Hypertension: Etiology and the Effects of Diet, Bariatric Surgery, and Antiobesity Drugs
Elattar, S., Chand, S., Salem, A. M., Abdulfattah, A., Bassiony, M. A. A., Frishman, W. H., & Aronow, W. S. (2025) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0000000000000937 · Cited by 1
Hypertension Canada guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in adults in primary care
Goupil, R., Tsuyuki, R. T., Santesso, N. A., Terenzi, K. A., Habert, J., Cheng, G., Gysel, S. C., Bruneau, J., Leung, A. A. C., Campbell, N. R. C., et al. (2025) · Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada · doi:10.1177/17151635251343907 · Cited by 3
Latent profile analysis of perceived health competence in elderly hypertensive patients: Relations to intertemporal choice and physical activity
Ding, Y., Meng, R., Hu, Z., Sun, Y., Zhang, H., Wang, Y., Ma, Y., & He, Y. H. (2025) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2025.103563 · Cited by 2
The enigma of resistant hypertension: from lifestyle changes and pharmacological treatment to renal denervation
Volpe, M., & Gallo, G. (2022) · European Heart Journal Supplements · doi:10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suac094 · Cited by 1
“2 mmHg) BP levels.(7) However, there is no evidence with regard to the benefits of specific dietary regimens in patients with resistant hypertension.”
Background
Stepwise treatment of uncontrolled HyperTensioN (Stepwise-HTN): Study design of a cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care
Kiliç, B., Biermans, M. C. J., Rutten, F. H., Deinum, J., Spiering, W., van der Wel, M. C., de Grauw, W. J. C., Bots, M. L., & Hollander, M. (2023) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2022.107062 · Cited by 2
EARLY ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC MARKERS OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN WOMEN
Крикунов, П. В., Brytkova, Y. V., Berns, S. A., Kozhukhovskaya, O. L., & Stryuk, R. I. (2017) · Russian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2017-12-41-46 · Cited by 1
Obesity-Hypertension Physiopathology and Treatment: A Forty-Year Retrospect
Owen, J., Morse, S., McLean, A., & Reisin, E. (2018) · Updates in hypertension and cardiovascular protection · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75310-2_15 · Cited by 1
What Is New in the Non-pharmacological Approaches to Hypertension Control
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Authors: Semlitsch, T., Jeitler, K., Berghold, A., Horvath, K., Posch, N., Poggenburg, S., & Siebenhofer, A.
Affiliations: Medical University of Graz (AT)
Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
ORCID: Semlitsch, Thomas
Jeitler, Klaus
Berghold, Andrea
Horvath, Karl
Posch, Nicole
Poggenburg, Stephanie
Siebenhofer, Andrea
Venue: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2016-03-02
Volume: 2
Pages: CD008274-CD008274
ISSN: 1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
1465-1858
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008274.pub3
PMC: PMC7154764
OpenAlex: W2290414732
Cited by: 118
References: 154
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 2
FWCI: 2.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: new_version (2021-02-08)
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Diet and metabolism studies
Keywords: hypertension, weight loss diet, dietary weight loss, blood pressure reduction, cardiovascular morbidity, all-cause mortality, adverse events, weight loss, antihypertensive therapy, essential hypertension, long-term effects, cardiovascular complications, antihypertensive withdrawal, risk of bias, quality of evidence
MeSH terms: Aged, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diet, Reducing, Humans, Hypertension, Middle Aged, Weight Loss, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

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Long-term effects of weight-reducing diets in people with hypertension

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