Validation of obesity‐related diagnosis codes in claims data
Open accessAbstract
Aim: To determine whether body mass index (BMI) can be accurately identified in epidemiological studies using claims databases. Materials and methods: Using the Mass General Brigham Research Patient Data Repository‐Medicare‐linked database, we identified a cohort of patients with a BMI measurement for the periods January 1 to June 31, 2014 or January 1 to June 31, 2016, to capture both the International Classification of Disease (ICD)‐9 and ICD‐10 eras. Patients were divided into two groups, with or without an obesity‐related ICD code in the 6 months before or after the BMI measurement date. We created two binary measures, first for composite overweight, obesity, or severe obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 ), and second for obesity or severe obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 ). We calculated accuracy measures (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value [PPV] and negative predictive value [NPV]) for each obesity category for the overall cohort, and stratified by type 2 diabetes and ICD‐code era. Results: The cohort included 73 644 patients with a BMI measurement in 2014 or 2016, of whom 16 280 had an obesity‐related ICD code. The specificity of obesity‐related ICD codes (ICD‐9 and ICD‐10) was 99.7% for underweight/normal weight, 97.4% for overweight, 99.7% for obese and 98.9% for severely obese. For binary categories capturing BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 and BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 , specificity was 97.0% and 98.2%, and PPV was 86.9% and 97.3%. Sensitivity was low overall (<40%). Codes for patients with type 2 diabetes and codes in the ICD‐10 era had higher sensitivity, PPV and NPV. Conclusion: Obesity‐related ICD codes can accurately identify patients with obesity in epidemiological studies using claims databases.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Adherence was measured using the PDC method endorsed by the Pharmacy Quality Alliance and used by CMS in Part C & D Star Ratings.
“Adherence was measured using the proportion of days covered (PDC) method endorsed by the Pharmacy Quality Alliance and used by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in their Part C & D Star Ratings, with 3 differences:”
From Real-world persistence and adherence to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists among obese commercially insured adults without diabetes. (2024) · cites this paper as [23]
The Materials and Methods passages describe linking Medicare claims to BMI measurements and validating obesity diagnosis codes, not measuring medication adherence. Searches for PDC, the Pharmacy Quality Alliance, CMS Star Ratings, and medication-adherence measurement found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
(2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012512 · Cited by 19,011 · see citing works
(2000) · PubMed · Cited by 13,173 · see citing works
Obesity : Preventing and managing the global epidemic
Akram, D. S., Astrup, A. V., Atinmo, T., Boissin, J.-L., Bray, G. A., Carroll, K. N., Chitson, P., Chen, C., Dietz, W. H., Hill, J. O., et al. (2000) · Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) · Cited by 12,945 · see citing works
‘Small Changes' to Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors for Weight Management
Hills, A. P., Byrne, N. M., Lindstrom, R. C., & Hill, J. O. (2013) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000345030 · Cited by 9,526 · see citing works
Austin, P. C. (2009) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.3697 · Cited by 6,758 · see citing works
Haslam, D. W., & James, W. P. T. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67483-1 · Cited by 3,757 · see citing works
Khan, S. S., Ning, H., Wilkins, J. T., Allen, N., Carnethon, M., Berry, J. D., Sweis, R. N., & Lloyd-Jones, D. M. (2018) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2018.0022 · Cited by 1,072 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Venous Thromboembolism
Ageno, W., Becattini, C., Brighton, T., Selby, R., & Kamphuisen, P. W. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.709204 · Cited by 1,000 · see citing works
Adiposity and cancer at major anatomical sites: umbrella review of the literature
Kyrgiou, M., Kalliala, I., Markozannes, G., Gunter, M. J., Paraskevaidis, E., Gabra, H., Martin-Hirsch, P., & Tsilidis, K. K. (2017) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.j477 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
Body Mass Index, Abdominal Fatness, and Heart Failure Incidence and Mortality
Aune, D., Sen, A., Norat, T., Janszky, I., Romundstad, P., Tonstad, S., & VATTEN, L. J. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.115.016801 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Calculating the benefits of a Research Patient Data Repository.
Nalichowski, R., Keogh, D., Chueh, H. C., & Murphy, S. N. (2006) · PubMed Central · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Patorno, E., Pawar, A., Franklin, J. M., Najafzadeh, M., Déruaz-Luyet, A., Brodovicz, K. G., Sambevski, S., Bessette, L. G., Santiago Ortiz, A. J., Kulldorff, M., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.118.039177 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Self-citationMartin, B., Chen, G., Graham, M. M., & Quan, H. (2014) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-14-70 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Long-term effects of weight-reducing diets in people with hypertension
Semlitsch, T., Jeitler, K., Berghold, A., Horvath, K., Posch, N., Poggenburg, S., & Siebenhofer, A. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008274.pub3 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
U. S. NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS
Hayter, J. (1968) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-196803000-00103 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Ammann, E. M., Kalsekar, I. D., Yoo, A. C., & Johnston, S. S. (2018) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.4617 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Pani, L., Nathan, D. M., & Grant, R. W. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-1934 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Validity of ICD-10 diagnoses of overweight and obesity in Danish hospitals
Gribsholt, S. B., Pedersen, L. H., Richelsen, B., & Thomsen, R. W. (2019) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s214909 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Validity of a Claims-Based Diagnosis of Obesity Among Medicare Beneficiaries
LLOYD, J. T., Blackwell, S. A., Wei, I. I., Howell, B. L., & Shrank, W. H. (2014) · Evaluation & the Health Professions · doi:10.1177/0163278714553661 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Taira, D. A., Tan, C., Davis, J. W., & Mau, M. L. M. (2013) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/jphs.12016 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Ammann, E. M., Kalsekar, I. D., Yoo, A. C., Scamuffa, R. F., Hsiao, C., Stokes, A. C., Morton, J. M., & Johnston, S. S. (2019) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000016438 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Prediction Score for Anticoagulation Control Quality Among Older Adults
Lin, K. J., Singer, D. E., Glynn, R. J., Blackley, S. V., Zhou, L., Liu, J., Dube, G., Oertel, L. B., & Schneeweiß, S. (2017) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.117.006814 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationPatorno, E., Najafzadeh, M., Pawar, A., Franklin, J. M., Déruaz‐Luyet, A., Brodovicz, K. G., Ortiz, A. J. S., Bessette, L. G., Kulldorff, M., & Schneeweiß, S. (2019) · Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1002/edm2.103 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gleason, P. P., Urick, B. Y., Marshall, L. Z., Friedlander, N., Qiu, Y., & Leslie, R. S. (2024) · Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy · doi:10.18553/jmcp.2024.23332 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
O’Halloran, J. A., Sahrmann, J. M., Parra-Rodriguez, L., Vo, D. T., Butler, A. M., Olsen, M. A. A., & Powderly, W. G. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciac355 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Hsieh, M., Hsieh, C., Tsai, T.-T., & Sung, S. (2022) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s353435 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Karacabeyli, D., Lacaille, D. V., Lu, N., McCormick, N., Xie, H. W., Choi, H. K., & Aviña-Zubieta, J. A. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0308533 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Lau, E. S., D’Souza, V., Zhao, Y., Reeder, C., Goldberg, R. L., Flores, M., Economy, K. E., Maddah, M., Khurshid, S. S., Ellinor, P. T., et al. (2025) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.125.074692 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Zhang, P., Mao, C., Sun, A., Yang, Y., Hou, Y., Fu, Z., Tousi, B., Leverenz, J. B., Pieper, A. A., Luo, Y., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70639 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Healthcare resource utilisation and costs in patients with treated obstructive sleep apnea
Sterling, K. L., Alpert, N., Cistulli, P. A., Pépin, J., More, S., Cole, K. V., Malhotra, A., & the medXcloud group (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14099 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ostrominski, J. W., Ortega-Montiel, J., Tesfaye, H., ALIX, C., DiCesare, E., CROMER, S. J., Wexler, D. J., Paik, J. M., & Patorno, E. (2025) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/annals-24-02870 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationDong, Y., Chang, C., Lin, J., Yang, W., Wu, L., & Toh, S. (2022) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14741 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Asthma Exacerbations: Which Patients Benefit Most?
Wang, T., Keil, A. P., Buse, J. B., Keet, C. A., Kim, S., Wyss, R., Pate, V., Jonsson‐Funk, M. L., Pratley, R. E., Kvist, K., et al. (2024) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.202309-836oc · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of County-Level Food Deserts and Food Swamps with Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancer Outcomes
Khalil, M., Munir, M. M., Endo, Y., Woldesenbet, S., Resende, V., Rawicz‐Pruszyński, K., Khan, M. M. M., Waqar, U., Katayama, E., Dilhoff, M. E., et al. (2023) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11605-023-05879-3 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Peigh, G., Zhou, J., Rosemas, S. C., Roberts, A. I., Longacre, C. F., Trinh, K. V., Nayak, T., Soderlund, D. M., & PASSMAN, R. S. (2024) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.124.069757 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Mao, X., Zhang, X., Henry, L. L., Cheung, K. S., Yuen, M., Cheung, R. C., Seto, W., & Nguyen, M. H. (2025) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djaf163 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Choong, C., Brnabic, A. J. M., Chinthammit, C., Ravuri, M., Terrell, K. A., & Kan, H. J. (2024) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2024-004193 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
SGLT2 Inhibitor Use and Risk of Breast Cancer Among Adult Women with Type 2 Diabetes
Wang, F., HENDRYX, M. S., Liu, N., Bidulescu, A., Mitra, A. K., & Luo, J. (2023) · Drug Safety · doi:10.1007/s40264-023-01373-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Htoo, P. T., Paik, J. M., Alt, E. M., Kim, D. H., Wexler, D. J., Kim, S. C., & Patorno, E. (2023) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glad075 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationUnveiling the cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery: insights from a matched cohort study
Lloyd, S. J.-A., Wall-Wieler, E., Liu, Y., Zheng, F., & LaMasters, T. (2025) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2025.04.004 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Risk of recurrent severe maternal morbidity in an urban safety-net health system
Boulet, S. L., Stanhope, K. K., Worrell, N., & Jamieson, D. J. (2022) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100568 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
de Miguel‐Díez, J., Jiménez‐García, R., Hernández‐Barrera, V., de Miguel-Yanes, J. M., Carabantes-Alarcón, D., Zamorano‐León, J. J., & López‐de‐Andrés, A. (2022) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2022.01.027 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Szymanski, R., Abraham, M., Childs, W., Le, K., Velez, C., Vaughn, I. A., Lamerato, L. E., & Budzynska, K. (2024) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102879 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cardiovascular disease diagnoses among older women with endometrial cancer
Anderson, C., Olshan, A. F., Bae-Jump, V. L., Brewster, W. R., Lund, J. L., & Nichols, H. B. (2022) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.08.014 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kan, H., Swindle, J. P., Bae, J., Dunn, J. P., Buysman, E. K., Gronroos, N. N., Bengtson, L., Chinthammit, C., Ford, J., & Ahmad, N. (2023) · Obesity Pillars · doi:10.1016/j.obpill.2023.100072 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bjornson, A. M., Szabo, S. M., Donato, B. M. K., Gardner, M., & Kuti, E. L. (2025) · Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy · doi:10.18553/jmcp.2025.25051 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Her, Q. L., Wang, T., Stürmer, T., Buse, J. B., Funk, M. J., Pate, V., & Webster‐Clark, M. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.70002 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zuin, M., Aggarwal, R., Khera, A., Hermes, Z., Bilato, C., & Piazza, G. (2025) · JACC: Advances · doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.102369 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Thiruvengadam, N. R., Saumoy, M., Schaubel, D. E., Cotton, P. B., Elmunzer, B. J., Freeman, M. L., Varadarajulu, S. S., Kochman, M. L., & Coté, G. A. (2024) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2024.03.027 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Higgins, M. S., Ismail, S., Chen, M., Agala, C. B., Detwiler, R. K., Farrell, T. M., & Hodges, M. M. (2024) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-024-11087-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Racial disparities in acute care utilization among individuals with myasthenia gravis
Qi, C. Z., Narayanaswami, P., Anderson, A. E. L., Gelinas, D. F., Li, Y., Guptill, J. T., Amirthaganesan, D., Ward, C., Panchal, R., Goyal, A., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1448803 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Obesity is an independent risk factor for cancer development following diagnosis of dermatomyositis
Allenzara, A., Sadeghi, N. B., Álvarez, C., Maczuga, S., Helm, M. F., Olsen, N. J., Nelson, A. E., & Foulke, G. (2023) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2023.152283 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Yang, C., Ngan, K., Kim, D. H., Yang, J., Liu, J., & Lin, K. J. (2025) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.3650 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep Apnea, Obesity, and Readmissions: Real Risks or Residual Confounding?
Donovan, L. M., & Au, D. H. (2022) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.202111-1304ed · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Dagenais, S., Lee, C., Cronenberger, C., Wang, E., & Sahasrabudhe, V. (2024) · Clinical and Translational Science · doi:10.1111/cts.13741 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gillard, K. K., Bloedon, L. T., Grady-Benson, J. C., Edwards, A., Fahy, S., Sasiela, W. J., Louie, M. J., & Thompson, P. D. (2024) · Cardiology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40119-024-00374-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hansrivijit, P., Ortega-Montiel, J., Wexler, D. J., Patorno, E., & Paik, J. M. (2025) · Kidney Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101013 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationCrowe, B. R., Krigel, A., Li, T. X., Haile, R., Alani, F. R., Lebwohl, B., Abrams, J. A., & Araujo, J. L. (2023) · Diseases of the Esophagus · doi:10.1093/dote/doad007 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Marshall, L. Z., Gleason, P. P., Friedlander, N., Farley, J., & Urick, B. Y. (2026) · Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy · doi:10.18553/jmcp.2026.32.3.281 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kuniyoshi, F. H. S., Cameron, A., Pépin, J., Dexter, R. B., Woodford, C., Cistulli, P. A., Alpert, N., Sterling, K. L., Malhotra, A., & on behalf of the medXcloud group (2026) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-025-01985-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Development and Validation of a Claims-Based Model to Predict Categories of Obesity
Suissa, K., Wyss, R., Lu, Z., Bessette, L. G., York, C., Tsacogianis, T., & Lin, K. J. (2023) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwad178 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationTak, C. R., Thompson, P., Morse, J. L., & McCallum, M. (2025) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.24337 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hunter, T. M., Hankosky, E. R., Meeks, A., Liao, B., Ward, J., Huang, A., & Chinthammit, C. (2025) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2025.05.003 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wang, T., Wang, J. H., Kinlaw, A. C., Wyss, R., Pate, V., Gou, Z., Buse, J. B., Keet, C. A., Kosorok, M. R., & Stürmer, T. (2025) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.70192 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ahmed, F., Mirza, T. R., Eltawansy, S. A., Afzaal, Z., Ahsan, A., Zahid, H., Aman, K., Ahmed, M., Jain, H., Naveed, M. A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Multimorbidity and Comorbidity · doi:10.1177/26335565251370816 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Medeiros, S. F., Guerra, J., Peçanha, V. R., Monteiro, J. D. C. M., Rocha, R., Millett, C. J., & Hone, T. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-24567-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Development of an ICD-10-CM Coding Framework
ZHAO, M., Zhang, J., Wang, H., Xu, C., Li, J., Li, C., He, X., & Zheng, X. (2026) · JMIR Diabetes · doi:10.2196/91827 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Weight loss through aquatic exercise
Hossein Abadi, F. (2023) · Body Mass Index - Overweight, Normal Weight, Underweight · doi:10.5772/intechopen.111664 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Body Mass Index - Overweight, Normal Weight, Underweight
Çakmur, H. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.105320 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Lee, M., Yu, M. H., Chae, W., Lee, Y., Lee, B. I., Kang, E. S., Cha, B., Jang, S., & Chung, M. J. (2026) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2025-335863 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Can researchers trust ICD-10 coding of medical comorbidities in orthopaedic trauma patients?
Arthur, R., Mayberry, R. M., Odum, S. M., Kempton, L. B., & (EMIT), E.-B. M. I. A. T. C. (2024) · OTA International The Open Access Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma · doi:10.1097/oi9.0000000000000307 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hsueh, L.-L., Wu, Y.-C., Pan, C.-C., Shih, C., Lee, C.-H., Wang, J., & Chen, K.-H. (2024) · Frontiers in Surgery · doi:10.3389/fsurg.2024.1360982 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gatto, N. M., Freund, D., Ogata, P., Diaz, L. M., Ibarrola, A., Desai, M., Aspelund, T., & Gluckstein, D. P. (2023) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofad011 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Misclassification of Obesity in Claims Data
Suissa, K., Kim, S. C., & Patorno, E. (2021) · Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ctg.0000000000000423 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, X., Vallarino, C. R., Denning, M., Gibble, T. H., Schapiro, D., Liu, D., Li, A., Ward, J. M., & Pearson‐Stuttard, J. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.70035 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Time to Total Hip Arthroplasty Among Patients in the US Military Health System
Hillery, B. L., Goldman, A. H., Velosky, A. G., Amoako, M. Y., Leggit, J. C., & Highland, K. B. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.39971 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Elevated body roundness index and epilepsy prevalence: a cross-sectional study
Zhu, T., Long, Z., Zhu, S., & Mai, H. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-36062-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Damachi, U., Onukwugha, E., Mysore, M. M., & Castillo, W. C. (2026) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.70318 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Colardelle, Y., Daligault, M., Julien Grosjean, A., Darmoni, S. J., Badisse Dahamna, A., Weiskopf, R. B., & Baracos, V. (2026) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.70225 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Yang, M., Abdulsalam, R., Shi, Y., Fan, W., Manson, S. M., Corrada, M. M., O'Connell, J. A., & Jiang, L. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.71385 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mastectomy for adolescent gynecomastia associated with lower risk of incident psychiatric diagnosis.
Kong, V., Salib, A., Bach, K., Ramy, M. A., Allen, G., Glaeser-Khan, S., Allam, O., Kauke-Navarro, M., & Butler, P. D. (2026) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2026.163192 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tiwari, B. B., Hall, D. B., Shin, E., Gallo, S., & Rajbhandari, J. (2026) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1177/21532176261471297 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mahadevan, A., Vasavada, A. M., Reyaz, N., Rajarajan, S., Babu, K., Sundaram, D. M., Dhavapalani, D., Vanani, S., Thompson‐Edwards, A., Anand, D. P., et al. (2024) · Obesity Pillars · doi:10.1016/j.obpill.2024.100126 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Huang, R. J., Balasubramanian, V., Shum, M. V., Ji, H. P., & Hwang, J. H. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0315833 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Long Term Cost Outcomes Among Commercially Insured Patients Undergoing Bariatric Procedures.Preprint
Shambhu, S., Ma, Q., Pryor, D. B., Karam, J., & DEVRIES, A. R. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1906483/v1
Ye, C., Ma, X., Shi, B., Yan, R., Fu, S., Wang, K., Jia, S., Yan, R., & Cong, G. (2024) · Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions · doi:10.1002/ccd.31030
Carreño, P. K., Johnson, M., Taylor, J. L. W., Travaglini, L. E., Velosky, A. G., Adams, L. M., & Highland, K. B. (2025) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2025.105441
Poonawalla, I. B., Abdal, P., Hayes, M., John, I., Diaz, M., Dixon, S., & Bowe, A. (2025) · Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy · doi:10.18553/jmcp.2025.31.7.627
Longitudinal Medical Costs and Hospitalization Risk Associated With Sustained Obesity
Kompaniyets, L., Roy, K., Freedman, D. S., Belay, B., Pierce, S. L., Blanck, H. M., & Goodman, A. B. (2025) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/08901171251371474
Hansrivijit, P., Patorno, E., Tesfaye, H., Wexler, D. J., & Paik, J. M. (2026) · Kidney360 · doi:10.34067/kid.0000001144
Self-citationThe Use of Glucagon‐Like Peptide 1 Agonists Among Non‐Diabetics: Evidence From Medicare Part D
Kim, M., Allsop, K., & Levy, J. F. (2026) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.70098
Severe maternal morbidity in patients of advanced maternal age with and without metabolic syndrome
Robb, C., Strafella, R., Ayar, J., Prizzi, O., Htwe, S., Weiss, S., Drugge, E. D., & Dandolu, V. (2026) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-026-08449-5
The Complex Relationship Between Clinical Obesity and Heart Failure
Zhang, J., & Liu, C. (2026) · JACC Asia · doi:10.1016/j.jacasi.2026.04.004
Trends and Sex-Specific Rates of Obesity and Severe Obesity in US Hospitalized Adults, 2012–2021
Lui, J., Fischer, K. M., Gupta, R., Singla, A., Baptista, A. M., Monlezun, D. J., Ayanian, S., Harris, C. M., & Dugani, S. B. (2026) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-026-10567-4
Kim, H. S. J., Tran, T. H., Schmickl, C. N., & Slejko, J. F. (2026) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.70938
Ahmed, A., Batool, R. M., Waqas, S. A., Siddiqui, H. F., Arshad, M. S., Paryani, N. S., Shahid, I., Aminpoor, H., Mithani, A., & Ayub, M. T. (2026) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.70160
Mazurek, A. (2026) · European Journal of Health Policy Humanization of Care and Medical Ethics · doi:10.21697/ejhp.0112.02
Müller, L.-M., Krampe, J., Katzmann, J. L., Laufs, U., & Kögel, A. (2026) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-026-02962-y
Suenghataiphorn, T., Boonpiraks, K., Prasitsumrit, V., Kulthamrongsri, N., & Danpanichkul, P. (2026) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-026-02145-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Shanmugam, P., Adams, R. N., Athinarayanan, S. J., Wolfberg, A., & Ballreich, J. M. (2026) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-026-01909-w
Pocobelli, G. S., Hyun, N., Shaw, P. A., Harrington, L. B., Connolly, J. G., Ramaprasan, A., Desai, R. J., Dutcher, S. K., Lee, H., Li, Y., et al. (2026) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwag198
Validity and Predictors of Medical Claims Coding for the Identification of Patients with Obesity
Kuti, E. L., Richard, E., Schott, K., Crowe, C. L., Willey, V., & Donato, B. M. K. (2026) · Journal of health economics and outcomes research · doi:10.36469/001c.164460
Surma, J., Via, S. D. L., Ruge, M. J., Cheng, C.-I., & Stachler, R. J. (2026) · International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.113003
Diabetic Retinopathy Risk in SGLT2i vs GLP1RA Initiators With CKD Stages 3-4 and Type 2 Diabetes
Hansrivijit, P., Patorno, E., Tesfaye, H., Wexler, D. J., Roh, M., & Paik, J. M. (2026) · Kidney Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xkme.2026.101518
Self-citationSame ICD-10 code, different estimands: four Polish National Health Fund obesity series, 2015–2025
Poboży, M., Rulkiewicz, A., Lisik, W., Stojčev, Z., Filipiak-Rokicka, E., Pilchowska, I., & Domienik‐Karłowicz, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1920632
Huang, W., Kotecha, P., Kimmel, S. E., Segal, R., Gonzalvo, J. D., Pecoski, A. M., Wright, D. R., Bian, J., Smith, S. M., & Guo, J. S. (2026) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.71299
Sociodemographic disparities in semaglutide and tirzepatide prescription for obesity treatment
Le, M. T., & Stokes, A. C. (2026) · Health Affairs Scholar · doi:10.1093/haschl/qxag255
Liao, G. Y., Chansky, H. A., Manner, P. A., Fernando, N. D., Kahsai, E. A., & Hernandez, N. M. (2026) · Orthopedics · doi:10.3928/01477447-20260820-01
Tseng, C., Malhotra, A., Wickwire, E. M., Albrecht, J. S., Spira, A. P., Gross, A. L., Sekhon, V. K., Liu, C., Kaizi-Lutu, M., Chen, X., et al. (2026) · Sleep Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.sleepe.2026.100178
GLP-1 RA Prescribing in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer
Hu, X., Jiang, C., Han, X., Zhang, L., Li, P., Pasquel, F. J., Meisel, J. L., Vo, J. B., Varghese, J. S., Shao, H., et al. (2026) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.40781
Body Mass Index Documentation and Coding Among Medicare Beneficiaries Undergoing Obesity Treatment
Hider, A. M., Chandler, J., & Howard, R. (2026) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.40793
Strebeck, P. V., Tarlan, A., Owsley, K. M., van der Plas, E. A. A., Farrar, J. E., Brown, C. C., & Appell, L. E. (2026) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/1545-5017.70747
- Authors
- Suissa, K., Schneeweiss, S., Lin, K. J., Brill, G., Kim, S. C., & Patorno, E.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Patorno, Elisabetta
- Venue
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-08-18
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2623-2631
- ISSN
- 1462-8902 (ISSN-L)
- 1463-1326
- PMC
- PMC8578343
- OpenAlex
- W3190247615
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 7.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (K08AG055670)
- National Institutes of Health (K24‐AR078959)
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Boehringer Ingelheim
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Medical Coding and Health Information
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Keywords
- obesity, body mass index, ICD-9, ICD-10, diagnosis codes, claims data, code validation, type 2 diabetes, morbid obesity, overweight, sensitivity and specificity
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Medicare, Humans, Obesity, United States, Body Mass Index, Databases, Factual, International Classification of Diseases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
