Shorter intervals between great earthquakes near Sendai: Scour ponds and a sand layer attributable to A.D. 1454 overwash
Open accessAbstract
A sparsely documented tsunami in 1454 may subdivide the recurrence interval between the 869 and 2011 tsunamis near Sendai, as judged from geomorphic, stratigraphic, and archival evidence. Pond‐filled breaches cut across beach ridges on century‐old topographic maps. The basal pond deposit in one of these breaches postdates 1454. Stratigraphy on Sendai Plain includes a sand sheet that contains marine and brackish diatoms. Radiocarbon ages suggest that the sheet dates to 1406–1615 (2 σ), and written records for this interval in Tohoku mention a tsunami in 1454. The inferred inundation extended 1.0–2.5 km inland from an approximate medieval shoreline. Simulated tsunamis that best account for the sand sheet require a thrust earthquake of moment magnitude 8.4 or larger. If the sand sheet represents the 1454 tsunami, the two most recent intervals between great thrust earthquakes in Sendai region spanned 585 and 557 years.
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The event deposit of the AD 1454 earthquake is distributed in the trench-fill basins between 37.4° and 38.9°N, further to the north than expected from the source area of the AD 1454 earthquake.
“The event deposit of AD 1454 earthquake is thus distributed in the trench-fill basins between 37.4◦ and 38.9◦N, which is further to the north than expected from the source area of AD 1454 earthquake (Sawai et al., 2015).”
From Event Stratigraphy in a Hadal Oceanic Trench: The Japan Trench as Sedimentary Archive Recording Recurrent Giant Subduction Zone Earthquakes and Their Role in Organic Carbon Export to the Deep Sea (2019) · cites this paper as Sawai et al., 2015
Section 4 identifies a sand deposit on the northern Sendai Plain as attributable to the 1454 tsunami, and Section 5 models a possible earthquake source area. The paper does not report deposits in trench-fill basins between 37.4° and 38.9°N or establish that they extend farther north than the modeled source area. Section 5 instead says geological evidence for the event had yet to be found north or south of Sendai Plain. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Sawai, Y., Namegaya, Y., Tamura, T., Nakashima, R., & Tanigawa, K.
- Affiliations
- Geological Survey of Japan (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Sawai, Yuki
- Venue
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2015-06-19
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4795-4800
- ISSN
- 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8007
- OpenAlex
- W1481622287
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 9.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Geophysical Research Letters (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › earthquake and tectonic studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Earthquake and Tsunami Effects
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Earth-Surface Processes › Geological formations and processes
- Keywords
- tsunami recurrence interval, earthquake recurrence, sand sheets, beach ridges, diatoms, radiocarbon dating, tsunami inundation, thrust earthquakes, Sendai Plain, Great East Japan Earthquake, historical tsunami records
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