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Cited by 44Climate variability and modelsClimate Change and Environmental ImpactMeteorological Phenomena and Simulations

Designing the climate observing system of the future.

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Weatherhead, Elizabeth C., Wielicki, Bruce A., Ramaswamy, V., Abbott, Mark, Ackerman, Thomas P., Atlas, Robert, Brasseur, Guy, Bruhwiler, Lori +20 more·2018·Earth's Future
DOI 10.1002/2017ef000627
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Abstract

Abstract Climate observations are needed to address a large range of important societal issues including sea level rise, droughts, floods, extreme heat events, food security, and freshwater availability in the coming decades. Past, targeted investments in specific climate questions have resulted in tremendous improvements in issues important to human health, security, and infrastructure. However, the current climate observing system was not planned in a comprehensive, focused manner required to adequately address the full range of climate needs. A potential approach to planning the observing system of the future is presented in this article. First, this article proposes that priority be given to the most critical needs as identified within the World Climate Research Program as Grand Challenges. These currently include seven important topics: melting ice and global consequences; clouds, circulation and climate sensitivity; carbon feedbacks in the climate system; understanding and predicting weather and climate extremes; water for the food baskets of the world; regional sea‐level change and coastal impacts; and near‐term climate prediction. For each Grand Challenge, observations are needed for long‐term monitoring, process studies and forecasting capabilities. Second, objective evaluations of proposed observing systems, including satellites, ground‐based and in situ observations as well as potentially new, unidentified observational approaches, can quantify the ability to address these climate priorities. And third, investments in effective climate observations will be economically important as they will offer a magnified return on investment that justifies a far greater development of observations to serve society's needs.

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  • In situ data are crucial for anchoring global efforts to develop a global climate observing system and to discriminate the imbalance in the Earth's radiation budget as the climate warms.

    “In situ data are crucial for anchoring global efforts to develop a global climate observing system (Weatherhead et al., 2018) and discriminate the imbalance in the Earth's radiation budget as the climate warms (Kato et al., 2013).”

    From The tropical atlantic observing system (2019) · cites this paper as Weatherhead et al., 2018

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Authors
Weatherhead, E. C., Wielicki, B. A., Ramaswamy, V., Abbott, M., Ackerman, T. P., Atlas, R., Brasseur, G., Bruhwiler, L., Busalacchi, A. J., Butler, J. H., Clack, C. T. M., Cooke, R., Cucurull, L., Davis, S. M., English, J. M., Fahey, D. W., Fine, S. S., Lazo, J. K., Liang, S., Loeb, N. G., Rignot, E., Soden, B., Stanitski, D., Stephens, G., Tapley, B. D., Thompson, A. M., Trenberth, K. E., & Wuebbles, D.
Affiliations
  • University of Colorado Boulder (US)
  • Langley Research Center (US)
  • NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (US)
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (US)
  • University of Washington (US)
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US)
  • Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (DE)
  • University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (US)
  • Vibrant Clean Energy Erie CO USA
  • Resources For The Future (US)
  • NOAA/AOML Miami FL USA
  • NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research (US)
  • University of Maryland, College Park (US)
  • Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US)
  • University of Miami (US)
  • The University of Texas at Austin (US)
  • Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
  • University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
Corresponding author
Weatherhead, Elizabeth C.
ORCID
Venue
Earth's Future
Publisher
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Published
2018-01
Volume
6
Issue
1
Pages
80-102
ISSN
2328-4277 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1002/2017ef000627
OpenAlex
W2765507745
Cited by
44
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1
FWCI
2.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Earth s Future (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Maryland Shared Open Access Repository (USMAI Consortium) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
  • Open Access Server of the Woods Hole Scientific Community (Woods Hole Scientific Community) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
  • NOAA Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
  • MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park) (public-domain)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Environmental Impact
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
Keywords
climate observing systems, observing system design, climate observations, satellite observations, in situ observation, climate extremes, sea-level change, ice melting, carbon feedback, climate sensitivity, water resources, return on investment, climate monitoring

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