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Monitoring Hydrological Variables from Remote Sensing and Modeling in the Congo River Basin
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Abstract
This study intends to integrate heterogeneous remote sensing observations and hydrological modeling into a simple framework to monitor hydrological variables in the poorly gauged Congo River Basin (CRB). It focuses on the possibility of retrieving effective channel depths and discharges all over the basin in near real time (NRT). First, this paper discusses the complexity of calibrating and validating a hydrologic–hydrodynamic model (namely the MGB model) in the CRB. Next, it provides a twofold methodology for inferring discharge at newly monitored virtual stations (VSs, crossings of a satellite ground track with a water body). It makes use of remotely sensed data sets together with in situ data to constrain, calibrate, and validate the model, and also to build a data set of stage/discharge rating curves (RCs) at 709 VSs distributed all over the basin. The model was well calibrated at the four gauges with recent data (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency, NSE > 0.77). The satisfactory quality of RCs basin-wide (mean NSE between simulated discharge and rated discharge at VSs, NSE mean = 0.67) is an indicator of the overall consistency of discharge simulations, even in ungauged upstream sub-basins. This RC data set provides an unprecedented possibility of NRT monitoring of CRB hydrological state from the current operational satellite altimetry constellation. The discharges estimated at newly monitored locations proved to be consistent with observations. They can be used to increase the te…
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“and has since been confirmed in various regional studies applying ARC methods with daily satellite altimetry and modeled discharge as inputs26,46,52.”
From Global scale river discharge and mean depth from radar altimetry and model (2026) · cites this paper as [52]
In the citing paper
“We also present estimates of hydraulic geometry parameters carried by the rating curves26,52, including effective mean river depth, derived sparsely at the near-global scale, providing opportunities for large-scale river hydraulics and remote sensing hydrology applications32,46.”
From Global scale river discharge and mean depth from radar altimetry and model (2026) · cites this paper as [52]
In the citing paper
“The simplicity and flexibility of this formulation make it suitable for a wide variety of river cross-sections and flow conditions, and a similar formulation for relating WSE from nadir altimetry and discharge (from both simulations and in situ) was already successfully applied in several cases26,43,52.”
From Global scale river discharge and mean depth from radar altimetry and model (2026) · cites this paper as [52]
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Cited by
A long-term monthly surface water storage dataset for the Congo basin from 1992 to 2015
Kitambo, B. M., Papa, F., Paris, A., Tshimanga, R. M., Frappart, F., Calmant, S., Elmi, O., Fleischmann, A. S., Becker, M., Tourian, M. J., et al. (2023) · Earth System Science Data · doi:10.5194/essd-15-2957-2023 · Cited by 19
Self-citationGlobal scale river discharge and mean depth from radar altimetry and model
Paris, A., Garambois, P.-A., Gal, L., Cerbelaud, A., Larnier, K., David, C. H., Jucá Oliveira, R. A., Correa, S. W., Tourian, M. J., & Calmant, S. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-78275-5
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Paris, A., Calmant, S., Gosset, M., Fleischmann, A. S., Conchy, T. S. X., Garambois, P., Bricquet, J., Papa, F., Tshimanga, R. M., Guzanga, G. G., Siqueira, V. A., Tondo, B., Paiva, R., da Silva, J. S., & Laraque, A.
- Venue
- Geophysical Monograph Series
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-02-18
- Pages
- 339-366
- ISSN
- 2328-8779
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
- Licence
- doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm)
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