Assessing Critical Thinking
Abstract
Abstract The author discusses the process of critical thinking and his belief that it is social process, then offers three locally grounded strategies for assessing critical thinking: experiential, behavioral, and conversational.
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Critical thinking is a social process that takes place in specific contexts of knowledge and culture.
“Moreover, as Brookfield (1997) argues, because critical thinking is a social process that takes place in specific contexts of knowledge and culture, it should be assessed as a social process, therefore, involving a multiplicity of experiences, perceptions, and contributions.”
From Creativity, Critical Thinking, Communication, and Collaboration: Assessment, Certification, and Promotion of 21st Century Skills for the Future of Work and Education (2023) · cites this paper as Brookfield 1997
Various researchers emphasize the need to create more advanced evaluation methods for critical thinking.
“Consequently, various researchers have suggested ways to improve analytic methods, and they emphasize the need to create more advanced evaluation methods (Brookfield 1997; Liu et al. 2014).”
From Creativity, Critical Thinking, Communication, and Collaboration: Assessment, Certification, and Promotion of 21st Century Skills for the Future of Work and Education (2023) · cites this paper as Brookfield 1997
Cites
Becoming a critically reflective teacher
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-5232 · Cited by 3,739 · see citing works
Developing critical thinkers: Challenging adults to explore alternative ways of thinking and acting.
Brookfield, S. (1989) · Teaching Sociology · doi:10.2307/1317962 · Cited by 1,372 · see citing works
Self-citationNorris, S. P., & Ennis, R. H. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 451 · see citing works
The Generalizability of Critical Thinking: Multiple Perspectives on an Educational Ideal
Okshevsky, W. C. (1993) · Informal Logic · doi:10.22329/il.v15i2.2478 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
On Teaching Critical Thinking1
Mackenzie, J. (1991) · Educational Philosophy and Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1469-5812.1991.tb00176.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Critical thinking : educational imperative
Barnes, C. A. (1992) · Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (Québec government) · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Levine, A., & McMillan, J. H. (1989) · Teaching Sociology · doi:10.2307/1317485 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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Thornhill-Miller, B., Camarda, A., Mercier, M., Burkhardt, J.-M., Morisseau, T., Bourgeois-Bougrine, S., Vinchon, F., El Hayek, S., Augereau-Landais, M., Mourey, F., et al. (2023) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence11030054 · Cited by 768 · see citing works
“This approach may involve asking participants to reflect on past experiences, analyze the situations they faced and the way they behaved or made judgments and decisions and then took action (Bandyopadhyay and Szostek 2019; Brookfield 1997).”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- Brookfield, S. D.
- Corresponding author
- Brookfield, Stephen D.
- Venue
- New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1997-09
- Volume
- 1997
- Issue
- 75
- Pages
- 17-29
- ISSN
- 1052-2891 (ISSN-L)
- 1536-0717
- OpenAlex
- W1983166077
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Education and Critical Thinking Development
- Social Sciences › Education › Adult and Continuing Education Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational Strategies and Epistemologies
- Keywords
- critical thinking, critical thinking assessment, experiential assessment, behavioral assessment, adult education
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