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Cited by 27Luminescence and Fluorescent MaterialsNanoplatforms for cancer theranosticsLuminescence Properties of Advanced Materials

Construction of Through‐Space Charge‐Transfer Nanoparticles for Facilely Realizing High‐Performance NIR‐II Cancer Phototheranostics

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Lee, Ka‐Wai, Gao, Yijian, Chou, Shu‐Hua, Wan, Yingpeng, Hsu, Allen Chu‐Hsiang, Tan, Ji‐Hua, Li, Yuqing, Guan, Zhiqiang +4 more·2024·Advanced Functional Materials
DOI 10.1002/adfm.202407317
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Abstract

Phototheranostics with second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) emissions show great potential for disease diagnosis and imaging‐guided phototherapy owing to deep tissue penetration, high imaging resolution, and excellent tumor eradication. Recently, molecular conjugation engineering and J‐aggregation have been used to construct organic NIR‐II materials. However, these molecules generally have extensive conjugation and large molecular weight in the range of 700–1700 g mol−1, requiring complicated molecular design and synthesis. Herein, a NIR‐II emissive through‐space charge‐transfer (TSCT) nanoparticle (NP) using short‐conjugated donor‐acceptor (D‐A) molecules (TTP) is reported for high‐performance bioimaging and cancer phototheranostics. Owing to the short conjugation of the TTP molecule with a small molecular weight of only 518 g mol−1, the TTP monomer possesses visible absorption and first near‐infrared (NIR‐I) emission. Upon forming NPs in water, the efficient TSCT between TTP monomers leads to significantly red‐shifted absorption to the NIR‐I and emission to the NIR‐II region with a tail that extends to 1400 nm. TTP NPs are employed in NIR‐II in vivo blood‐vessel bioimaging and cancer phototheranostics successfully. This work introduces a facile strategy to construct NIR‐II emissive NPs based on short‐conjugated D‐A molecules for high‐performance biomedical applications.

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  • Cyano derivatives such as malononitrile are essential electron acceptors for designing NIR-II fluorescent probes.

    “Cyano derivatives, such as malononitrile, are essential electron acceptors for designing NIR-II fluorescent probes”

    From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [188]

    Section 2.1 describes a malononitrile-containing group as a stronger electron acceptor in the TTP design and reports NIR-II emission from the resulting nanoparticles. The paper does not establish that cyano derivatives are essential for NIR-II fluorescent probes generally; its Introduction describes other approaches to NIR-II emission. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Strong D-A interactions enhance ICT, making the optical properties of cyano-based fluorophores highly tunable.

    “Strong D-A interactions enhance ICT, making the optical properties highly tunable188.”

    From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [188]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) says donor and acceptor strength can be tuned to adjust absorption and emission. Section 2.2 (page unavailable) distinguishes intramolecular charge transfer in a TTP monomer from the efficient through-space charge transfer attributed to strong donor and acceptor character in a dimer. The paper therefore supports tunable optical properties through donor–acceptor design, but not the specific claim that strong interactions enhance ICT. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • TTP showed visible absorption and NIR-I emission as a monomer, but upon nanoparticle formation, efficient TSCT induced NIR-II emission extending to 1400 nm.

    “For instance, short-conjugated D-A molecule TTP showed visible absorption and NIR-I emission as a monomer, but upon nanoparticle formation, efficient TSCT induced NIR-II emission extending to 1400 nm188.”

    From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [188]

  • Due to the TSCT effect between TTP monomers, Pluronic F127-encapsulated TTP NPs exhibited a significant redshift in both absorption and emission spectra, with the maximum fluorescence emission wavelength reaching 940 nm.

    “Due to the TSCT effect between TTP monomers, Pluronic F127-encapsulated TTP NPs exhibited a significant redshift in both absorption and emission spectra, with the maximum fluorescence emission wavelength reaching 940 nm.”

    From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [188]

  • In the MCF-7 tumor-bearing mouse model, TTP NPs reached peak enrichment at the tumor site 24 h post injection.

    “In the MCF-7 tumor-bearing mouse model, TTP NPs reached peak enrichment at the tumor site 24 h post injection.”

    From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [188]

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Authors
Lee, K., Gao, Y., Chou, S., Wan, Y., Hsu, A. C., Tan, J., Li, Y., Guan, Z., Chen, H., Li, S., Wong, K., & Lee, C.
Affiliations
  • City University of Hong Kong (HK)
  • Soochow University (CN)
  • National Taiwan University (TW)
  • Joint Laboratory of Nano‐organic Functional Materials and Devices (TIPC and CityU) Center of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
Corresponding author
  • Wan, Yingpeng
  • Li, Shengliang
  • Wong, Ken‐Tsung
  • Lee, Chun‐Sing
ORCID
Venue
Advanced Functional Materials
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2024-09-06
Volume
34
Issue
45
ISSN
  • 1616-301X (ISSN-L)
  • 1616-3028
DOI
10.1002/adfm.202407317
OpenAlex
W4402309573
Cited by
27
References
45
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 15
FWCI
2.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Advanced Functional Materials (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • CityU Scholars (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (52173135)
  • Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20231523)
  • China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M742536)
  • Science and Technology Program of Suzhou (SKY2022039)
  • National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 110‐2113‐M‐002‐008‐MY3)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials
Keywords
through-space charge transfer, NIR-II emission, nanoparticles, donor-acceptor molecules, vascular imaging, bioimaging, bathochromic shift, water-soluble nanoparticles

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