The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Minimal energetic expenditure of women walking burdened on gradients in urban environments
Abstract
Objectives: The objective is to understand the walking energy expenditure of women in urban environments (i.e., over‐ground), using mass, velocity, gradient (incline and decline), and burden as predictors. In addition, we use an equation to determine the gradient associated with the minimum energy expenditure of walking. Methods: To do this, we assessed the volumetric consumption of oxygen (VO 2) of ten females (ages: 22–40 years) with a portable Cosmed K4b 2 device. Participants walked at three self‐selected, over‐ground velocities (slow, normal, and fast) on five gradients (0%, +/−7.5%, +/− 12.4%) in different urban community settings burdened (10 kg) and unburdened. We performed a multilinear regression controlling for repeated measures to determine the best predictive equation for VO 2. The first derivative of our equation was used to find the gradient for minimal VO 2. Results: Our equation explains 79% of the variation in VO 2 and indicates that over‐ground walking is similar to treadmill walking, except that the gradient associated with the minimal energy expenditure of walking is steeper (−11% to −20%) than that established from treadmill walking. Conclusions: Although our overall equation is an accurate predictor of VO 2 for all velocities, burden, incline, and decline in this group, further research needs to be conducted to examine kinetic, kinematic, and velocity interactions in over‐ground walking.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rue, M. J., & Kramer, P. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Department of Anthropology University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195‐3100
- Venue
- American Journal of Human Biology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-08-26
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 1042-0533 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6300
- OpenAlex
- W2516476463
- Semantic Scholar
- 123e9b7569dcb877c47d092a4824b9bb8b0a5ba3
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 0.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Human Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Washington's Ronald E. McNair Post-baccalaureate
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
- Keywords
- energy cost of walking, oxygen consumption, urban walking, walking speed, women, overground walking
- MeSH terms
- Wearable Electronic Devices, Adult, Cities, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Oxygen Consumption, Women, Walking, Young Adult
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