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Cited by 133Occupational Health and PerformanceCardiovascular and exercise physiologyHigh Altitude and Hypoxia

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Metabolic Energy Expenditure and Terrain Coefficients for Walking on Snow

PANDOLF, K. B., HAISMAN, M. F., GOLDMAN, R. F.·1976·Ergonomics
DOI 10.1080/00140137608931583
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Abstract

Ten male subjects each walked at two speeds, 0·67 and 1·12 m s−1 (1·5 and 2·5 mph) on a level treadmill, and on a variety of snow depths. Energy expenditure increased linearly with increasing depth of footprint depression and was expressed, considering clothed weight, by the regression equation: energy expenditure (W kg−1 hor km−1 h−1) = 1·18 + 0·089 depression (cm). At 45 cm footprint depression as compared to a 0 cm depression, energy expenditure increased by a ratio of approximately 5 : 1. Although subjects were considered above average in terms of fitness [average [Vdot]O2max =51·4 ml kg−1 min−1 (n = 6)], all terminated walking due to exhaustion at an average footprint depth of 35·0 cm at a walking speed of 1·12m s−1. Practical limits for prolonged snow walking not exceeding approximately 50% [Vdot]O2max were developed with 20 cm being the maximal depth at 0·67 m s−1, and 10 cm at 1·12 m s−1 without snow shoes. At increased footprint depths, limiting factors for snow walking were the increasing lift work, inefficient stooping posture and balancing difficulty.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/00140137608931583

Cites

12 of 12 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Experimental evidence relating terrain conditions to energy expenditure of walkers is limited, and similar data for other modes of transport are not available.

    “There is some experimental evidence available that relates different terrain conditions to the energy expenditure of walkers (Soule and Goldman 1972;Pandolf et al. 1976Pandolf et al. , 1977;;De Gruchy et al. 2017).This evidence is rather limited, and similar data for other modes of transport are not available.”

    From Modelling of pathways and movement networks in archaeology: an overview of current approaches (2019) · cites this paper as Pandolf et al. 1976

  • Overall energy expenditure is determined by carried load, movement speed, and grade or ground slope, each with readily identifiable effects.

    “Overall energy expenditure is also determined by other variables such as carried load, movement speed, and grade or ground slope [3–5], each with readily identifiable effects.”

    From Human walking in the real world: interactions between terrain type, gait parameters, and energy expenditure (2021) · cites this paper as [3]

  • Forecasts of the energy cost of Pandolf's formula were verified by test phases on individuals of different age and sex by varying speed and load carried.

    “Forecasts of the energy cost of this formula were able to be verified by several test phases on individuals from different classes of age and sex (Epstein et al. 1987;Pandolf et al. 1976Pandolf et al. , 1977) ) by varying the speed and the load carried.”

    From Mobility of paleolithic populations: biomechanical considerations and spatiotemporal modelling (2021) · cites this paper as Pandolf et al. 1976

  • The project's sample size is comparable to previous studies, which included between 6 and 14 subjects.

    “The project's sample size is comparable to previous studies, which included between 6 and 14 subjects (Givoni and Goldman 1971;Soule and Goldman 1972;Pandolf et al. 1976).”

    From Velocity-Based Terrain Coefficients for Time-Based Models of Human Movement (2017) · cites this paper as Pandolf et al. 1976

  • Previous studies of terrain coefficients concentrated on young adult males.

    “As a result, these studies have concentrated on calculating terrain coefficients for young adult males.”

    From Velocity-Based Terrain Coefficients for Time-Based Models of Human Movement (2017) · cites this paper as Pandolf et al. 1976

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. ASTRAND I., 1960, Acta Physiologica, 169, 49
  2. CHRISTENSEN E. H., 1950, Arbcitsphysiologie, 14, 292
  3. LUNDOIUSN N., 1955, Meddelandcn. fran Statens Skogsforskningsinstitut, 45, 1
  4. SOULE R. G., 1972, Federation Proceedings, Abs., 31, 312

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Metadata

Authors
PANDOLF, K. B., HAISMAN, M. F., & GOLDMAN, R. F.
Affiliations
U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (US)
Venue
Ergonomics
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
1976-11
Volume
19
Issue
6
Pages
683-690
ISSN
  • 0014-0139 (ISSN-L)
  • 1366-5847
DOI
10.1080/00140137608931583
OpenAlex
W1974523042
Cited by
133
References
12
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
FWCI
1.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Ergonomics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Performance
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › High Altitude and Hypoxia
Keywords
metabolic cost, snow depth, walking speed, fatigue limit, oxygen consumption, balance, treadmill walking
MeSH terms
Adult, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Ergonomics, Locomotion, Male, Snow, Weather

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