Genetic comorbidity between major depression and cardio‐metabolic traits, stratified by age at onset of major depression
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It is imperative to understand the specific and shared etiologies of major depression and cardio‐metabolic disease, as both traits are frequently comorbid and each represents a major burden to society. This study examined whether there is a genetic association between major depression and cardio‐metabolic traits and if this association is stratified by age at onset for major depression. Polygenic risk scores analysis and linkage disequilibrium score regression was performed to examine whether differences in shared genetic etiology exist between depression case control status (N cases = 40,940,N controls = 67,532), earlier (N= 15,844), and later onset depression (N= 15,800) with body mass index, coronary artery disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes in 11 data sets from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Generation Scotland, and UK Biobank. All cardio‐metabolic polygenic risk scores were associated with depression status. Significant genetic correlations were found between depression and body mass index, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes. Higher polygenic risk for body mass index, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes was associated with both early and later onset depression, while higher polygenic risk for stroke was associated with later onset depression only. Significant genetic correlations were found between body mass index and later onset depression, and between coronary artery disease and both early and late onset depression. The phenotypic associations between major depression and cardio‐metabolic traits may partly reflect their overlapping genetic etiology irrespective of the age depression first presents.
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In a large UK study, significant genetic correlations were identified between MDD and body mass index, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
“in a large UK study, significant genetic correlations were identified between MDD and body mass index, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus189.”
From Comorbidity between major depressive disorder and physical diseases: a comprehensive review of epidemiology, mechanisms and management (2023) · cites this paper as [189]
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- Authors
- Hagenaars, S. P., Coleman, J. R. I., Choi, S. W., Gaspar, H., Adams, M. J., Howard, D. M., Hodgson, K., Traylor, M., Air, T. M., Andlauer, T. F. M., Arolt, V., Baune, B. T., Binder, E. B., Blackwood, D. H. R., Boomsma, D. I., Campbell, A., Cearns, M., Czamara, D., Dannlowski, U., Domschke, K., de Geus, E. J. C., Hamilton, S. P., Hayward, C., Hickie, I. B., Hottenga, J. J., Ising, M., Jones, I., Jones, L., Kutalik, Z., Lucae, S., Martin, N. G., Milaneschi, Y., Mueller‐Myhsok, B., Owen, M. J., Padmanabhan, S., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Pistis, G., Porteous, D. J., Preisig, M., Ripke, S., Shyn, S. I., Sullivan, P. F., Whitfield, J. B., Wray, N. R., McIntosh, A. M., Deary, I. J., Breen, G., & Lewis, C. M.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- TUM Klinikum (DE)
- University of Münster (DE)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Emory University (US)
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer (GB)
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (DE)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Netherlands Twin Register, Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (US)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- University of Worcester (GB)
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (AU)
- Amsterdam Neuroscience (NL)
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Munich Germany
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Lewis, Cathryn M.
- ORCID
- Hagenaars, Saskia P.
- Coleman, Jonathan R. I.
- Choi, Shing Wan
- Gaspar, Héléna
- Adams, Mark J.
- Howard, David M.
- Hodgson, Karen
- Traylor, Matthew
- Air, Tracy M.
- Andlauer, Till F. M.
- Arolt, Volker
- Baune, Bernhard T.
- Binder, Elisabeth B.
- Blackwood, Douglas H. R.
- Boomsma, Dorret I.
- Campbell, Archie
- Cearns, Micah
- Czamara, Darina
- Dannlowski, Udo
- Domschke, Katharina
- Hamilton, Steven P.
- Hayward, Caroline
- Hickie, Ian B.
- Hottenga, Jouke Jan
- Jones, Ian
- Jones, Lisa
- Lucae, Susanne
- Martin, Nicholas G.
- Milaneschi, Yuri
- Owen, Michael J.
- Padmanabhan, Sandosh
- Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.
- Pistis, Giorgio
- Porteous, David J.
- Preisig, Martin
- Ripke, Stephan
- Shyn, Stanley I.
- Sullivan, Patrick F.
- Whitfield, John B.
- Wray, Naomi R.
- McIntosh, Andrew M.
- Deary, Ian J.
- Breen, Gerome
- Lewis, Cathryn M.
- Venue
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-07-18
- Volume
- 183
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 309-330
- ISSN
- 1552-4841 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-485X
- PMC
- PMC7991693
- OpenAlex
- W3042830188
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 4.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Worcester Research and Publications (University of Worcester) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Open access LMU (Ludwid Maxmilian's Universitat Munchen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health Research (Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre)
- National Institute of Mental Health (U01 MH109528, U01 MH1095320)
- Medical Research Council Canada (MR/S0151132, MR/N015746/1)
- European Commission
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, age at onset of depression, genetic comorbidity, polygenic risk score, genetic correlation, body mass index, coronary artery disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, shared genetic etiology
- MeSH terms
- Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Age Factors, Coronary Artery Disease, Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Genotype, Humans, Male, Phenotype, Linkage Disequilibrium, Comorbidity, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Age of Onset, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Multifactorial Inheritance, Stroke, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Metabolic Syndrome, Databases, Genetic, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genetic Association Studies
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