Diet of the prehistoric population of Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile) shows environmental adaptation and resilience
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Objectives: The Rapa Nui “ecocide” narrative questions whether the prehistoric population caused an avoidable ecological disaster through rapid deforestation and over‐exploitation of natural resources. The objective of this study was to characterize prehistoric human diets to shed light on human adaptability and land use in an island environment with limited resources. Materials and methods: Materials for this study included human, faunal, and botanical remains from the archaeological sites Anakena and Ahu Tepeu on Rapa Nui, dating from c. 1400 AD to the historic period, and modern reference material. We used bulk carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses and amino acid compound specific isotope analyses (AA‐CSIA) of collagen isolated from prehistoric human and faunal bone, to assess the use of marine versus terrestrial resources and to investigate the underlying baseline values. Similar isotope analyses of archaeological and modern botanical and marine samples were used to characterize the local environment. Results: Results of carbon and nitrogen AA‐CSIA independently show that around half the protein in diets from the humans measured came from marine sources; markedly higher than previous estimates. We also observed higher δ 15 N values in human collagen than could be expected from the local environment. Discussion: Our results suggest highly elevated δ 15 N values could only have come from consumption of crops grown in substantially manipulated soils. These findings strongly suggest that the prehistoric population adapted and exhibited astute environmental awareness in a harsh environment with nutrient poor soils. Our results also have implications for evaluating marine reservoir corrections of radiocarbon dates.
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The calibrated radiocarbon dates for the 15 individuals broadly range between 1670 and 1950 ce.
“The results were calibrated to take into account marine reservoir effects derived from the consumption of marine proteins, and broadly range between 1670 and 1950 ce28–30 (Supplementary Information section 2).”
From Ancient Rapanui genomes reveal resilience and pre-European contact with the Americas (2024) · cites this paper as [28]
The Results (Radiocarbon dates, Table 2) show dates calibrated for marine reservoir effects, supporting that part of the citing sentence. But this paper directly dated three individuals, not 15, and its marine-corrected ranges begin as early as AD 1445, not broadly around 1670 CE; the latest endpoint is AD 1945. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Self-citationAncient Rapanui genomes reveal resilience and pre-European contact with the Americas
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“The results were calibrated to take into account marine reservoir effects derived from the consumption of marine proteins, and broadly range between 1670 and 1950 ce 28–30 (Supplementary Information section 2).”
- Authors
- Jarman, C. L., Larsen, T., Hunt, T., Lipo, C., Solsvik, R., Wallsgrove, N., Ka'apu‐Lyons, C., Close, H. G., & Popp, B. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
- University of Oregon (US)
- Binghamton University (US)
- Kon‐Tiki Museum Oslo 0286 Norway
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jarman, Catrine L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Physical Anthropology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-06-30
- Volume
- 164
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 343-361
- ISSN
- 0002-9483 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-8644
- PMC
- PMC5637906
- OpenAlex
- W2725720318
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 6.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Physical Anthropology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Open Repository - Binghamton (Binghamton University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (EF‐1137336)
- Arts and Humanities Research Council (AH/K502947/1)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- AMS
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Social Sciences › Geography, Planning and Development › Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Keywords
- prehistoric diet, Easter Island, human bone collagen, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, deforestation, land use, environmental adaptation, human resilience, soil nutrient depletion, radiocarbon dating
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anthropology, Physical, Bone and Bones, Carbon Isotopes, Chile, Collagen, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Nitrogen Isotopes, Polynesia, Seafood, Ecosystem, History, Ancient, Radiometric Dating
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