Cited by 452Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic DisordersVestibular and auditory disordersNeurological and metabolic disorders

Syncope: a videometric analysis of 56 episodes of transient cerebral hypoxia.

Lempert, T., Bauer, M., Schmidt, D.·1994·Annals of Neurology

Abstract

To investigate the clinical features of transient cerebral hypoxia, syncope was induced in 56 of 59 healthy volunteers through a sequence of hyperventilation, orthostasis, and Valsalva maneuver. All events were monitored on video by two cameras. Complete syncope with falling and loss of consciousness was observed in 42 subjects, lasting 12.1 +/- 4.4 seconds. Myoclonic activity occurred in 38 of these 42 episodes (90%). The predominant movement pattern consisted of multifocal arrhythmic jerks both in proximal and distal muscles. Superposition of generalized myoclonus was common. Additional movements such as head turns, oral automatisms, and righting movements occurred in 79%. Eyes remained open throughout syncope in most subjects and initial upward deviation was common. Sixty percent reported visual and auditory hallucinations. Thirteen subjects had incomplete syncope with falls but partially preserved consciousness. These episodes were shorter and usually not accompanied by myoclonus and hallucinations. Transient amnesia and unresponsiveness without falling occurred in 1 subject.

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Crossref · 10.1002/ana.410360217

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Authors
Lempert, T., Bauer, M., & Schmidt, D.
Affiliations
Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
Corresponding author
Lempert, T.
Venue
Annals of Neurology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1994-08
Volume
36
Issue
2
Pages
233-237
ISSN
  • 0364-5134 (ISSN-L)
  • 1531-8249
OpenAlex
W1988402979
Cited by
452
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 31
FWCI
7.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annals of Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Neurological and metabolic disorders
Keywords
syncope, myoclonus, hyperventilation, orthostatic hypotension, Valsalva maneuver, hallucinations, eye movements
MeSH terms
Adult, Brain, Hypoxia, Brain, Consciousness, Electroencephalography, Eye Movements, Female, Hallucinations, Humans, Male, Myoclonus, Posture, Syncope, Videotape Recording

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