The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Expanding the Genetic Code
Abstract
Although chemists can synthesize virtually any small organic molecule, our ability to rationally manipulate the structures of proteins is quite limited, despite their involvement in virtually every life process. For most proteins, modifications are largely restricted to substitutions among the common 20 amino acids. Herein we describe recent advances that make it possible to add new building blocks to the genetic codes of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Over 30 novel amino acids have been genetically encoded in response to unique triplet and quadruplet codons including fluorescent, photoreactive, and redox‐active amino acids, glycosylated amino acids, and amino acids with keto, azido, acetylenic, and heavy‐atom‐containing side chains. By removing the limitations imposed by the existing 20 amino acid code, it should be possible to generate proteins and perhaps entire organisms with new or enhanced properties.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Replacing the complementarity-determining regions in a human antibody with those from a mouse
Jones, P. T., Dear, P. H., Foote, J., Neuberger, M. S., & Winter, G. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/321522a0 · Cited by 1,406
DNA Recognition by Cys2His2 Zinc Finger Proteins
Wolfe, S. A., Nekludova, L., & Pabo, C. O. (2000) · Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure · doi:10.1146/annurev.biophys.29.1.183 · Cited by 1,053
Schafmeister, C. E., Po, J., & Verdine, G. L. (2000) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja000563a · Cited by 1,037
A General Method for Site-specific Incorporation of Unnatural Amino Acids into Proteins
Noren, C. J., Anthony-Cahill, S. J., Griffith, M. C., & Schultz, P. G. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2649980 · Cited by 1,019
Self-citationBeene, D. L., Brandt, G. S., Zhong, W., Zacharias, N. M., Lester, H. A., & Dougherty, D. A. (2002) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi020266d · Cited by 300
The influence of codon context on genetic code translation
Bossi, L., & Roth, J. R. (1980) · Nature · doi:10.1038/286123a0 · Cited by 284
Lu, W., Gong, D., Bar-Sagi, D., & Cole, P. A. (2001) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00369-0 · Cited by 268
Biosynthetic site-specific incorporation of a non-natural amino acid into a polypeptide
Bain, J. D., Diala, E. S., Glabe, C. G., Dix, T. A., & Chamberlin, A. R. (1989) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja00202a052 · Cited by 250
Cited by
Bioorthogonal Chemistry: Fishing for Selectivity in a Sea of Functionality
Sletten, E. M., & Bertozzi, C. R. (2009) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200900942 · Cited by 3,165
Therapeutic Peptides: Current Applications and Future Directions
Wang, L., Wang, N., Zhang, W., Cheng, X., Yan, Z., Shao, G., Wang, X., Wang, R., & Fu, C. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-00904-4 · Cited by 2,131
Self-citationAdding New Chemistries to the Genetic Code
Liu, C. C., & Schultz, P. G. (2010) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.052308.105824 · Cited by 1,725
Self-citationPrescher, J. A., & Bertozzi, C. R. (2005) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/nchembio0605-13 · Cited by 1,456
Lutz, J.-F., Ouchi, M., Liu, D. R., & Sawamoto, M. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1238149 · Cited by 1,381
Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, L., & Schultz, P. G.
- Venue
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-12-15
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 34-66
- ISSN
- 1433-7851 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-3773
- OpenAlex
- W2109155760
- Cited by
- 651
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 13.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Expanding the Genetic Code. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/anie.200460627
- The paper
- Wang, L., & Schultz, P. G. (2005). Expanding the Genetic Code. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200460627
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
