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Copper(II)–Graphitic Carbon Nitride Triggered Synergy: Improved ROS Generation and Reduced Glutathione Levels for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C 3 N 4) has been used as photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, its therapeutic efficiency was far from satisfactory. One of the major obstacles was the overexpression of glutathione (GSH) in cancer cells, which could diminish the amount of generated ROS before their arrival at the target site. Herein, we report that the integration of Cu 2+ and g‐C 3 N 4 nanosheets (Cu 2+–g‐C 3 N 4) led to enhanced light‐triggered ROS generation as well as the depletion of intracellular GSH levels. Consequently, the ROS generated under light irradiation could be consumed less by reduced GSH, and efficiency was improved. Importantly, redox‐active species Cu+–g‐C 3 N 4 could catalyze the reduction of molecular oxygen to the superoxide anion or hydrogen peroxide to the hydroxyl radical, both of which facilitated the generation of ROS. This synergy of improved ROS generation and GSH depletion could enhance the efficiency of PDT for cancer therapy.
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Citations
Cited by
Niu, B., Liao, K., Zhou, Y., Wen, T., Quan, G., Pan, X., & Wu, C. (2021) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121110 · Cited by 1,168
Conquering the Hypoxia Limitation for Photodynamic Therapy
Wan, Y., Fu, L., Li, C., Lin, J., & Huang, P. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202103978 · Cited by 705
Liu, C., Wang, D., Zhang, S., Cheng, Y., Yang, F., Xing, Y., Xu, T., Dong, H., & Zhang, X. (2019) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.8b09387 · Cited by 641
Self-citationPhototherapy in cancer treatment: strategies and challenges
Cai, Y., Chai, T., Nguyen, W., Liu, J., Xiao, E., Ran, X., Ran, Y., Du, D., Chen, W., & Chen, X. (2025) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-025-02140-y · Cited by 453
Wang, C., Cao, F., Ruan, Y., Jia, X., Zhen, W., & Jiang, X. (2019) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201903981 · Cited by 411
Metadata
- Authors
- Ju, E., Dong, K., Chen, Z., Liu, Z., Liu, C., Huang, Y., Wang, Z., Pu, F., Ren, J., & Qu, X.
- Venue
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-08-09
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 38
- Pages
- 11467-11471
- ISSN
- 1433-7851 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-3773
- OpenAlex
- W2518571332
- Cited by
- 506
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 19.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Copper(II)–Graphitic Carbon Nitride Triggered Synergy: Improved ROS Generation and Reduced Glutathione Levels for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/anie.201605509
- The paper
- Ju, E., Dong, K., Chen, Z., Liu, Z., Liu, C., Huang, Y., Wang, Z., Pu, F., Ren, J., & Qu, X. (2016). Copper(II)–Graphitic Carbon Nitride Triggered Synergy: Improved ROS Generation and Reduced Glutathione Levels for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201605509
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