Prevalence of Cervical Enamel Projection and Its Impact on Furcation Involvement in Mandibular Molars: A Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography Study in Koreans
Open accessAbstract
This study evaluated the prevalence of cervical enamel projections (CEPs) in mandibular molars, and analyzed the correlation between CEPs and furcation involvement (FI) based on cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) data in a Korean population. CBCT images obtained from March 2012 to August 2012 were analyzed. CEPs and FI on the buccal and lingual surface were classified in three‐dimensionally reconstructed images and cross‐sectional views, and the correlation between these two parameters was analyzed. In total, 982 teeth in 425 patients were analyzed. The overall prevalence rate of CEPs was 76% (71% and 27% on the buccal and lingual surfaces, respectively). Grade I CEPs were the most common, followed by CEPs of grades II and III. There was a statistically significant, but negligible correlation between the CEP grade and the degree of FI on the buccal and lingual surfaces. Within the limitations of this cross‐sectional study, a high prevalence of CEPs were found in a Korean population, but the role of CEPs in provoking FI appeared not to be decisive. Anat Rec, 299:379–384, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales
Cohen, J. (1960) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316446002000104 · Cited by 42,398 · see citing works
Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529786 · Cited by 4,332 · see citing works
Reconstructing Indian population history
Reich, D., Thangaraj, K., Patterson, N., Price, A. L., & Singh, L. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08365 · Cited by 1,674 · see citing works
A Long‐Term Survey of Tooth Loss in 600 Treated Periodontal Patients
Hirschfeld, L. S., & Wasserman, B. H. (1978) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1978.49.5.225 · Cited by 1,004 · see citing works
Periodontal treatment of multi rooted teeth.
Hamp, S., Nyman, S. R., & Lindhe, J. (1975) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1975.tb01734.x · Cited by 723 · see citing works
Tooth Loss in 100 Treated Patients With Periodontal Disease: A Long‐Term Study
McFall, W. T. (1982) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1982.53.9.539 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
McGuire, M. K., & Nunn, M. E. (1996) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1996.67.7.666 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Bornstein, M. M., Scarfe, W. C., Vaughn, V. M., & Jacobs, R. (2014) · The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants · doi:10.11607/jomi.2014suppl.g1.4 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Scaling and Root Planing Efficacy in Multirooted Teeth
Fleischer, H. C., Mellonig, J. T., Brayer, W. K., Gray, J. L., & Barnett, J. D. (1989) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1989.60.7.402 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
The effect of plaque control and root debridement in molar teeth
Nordland, P., GARRETT, S. J., Kiger, R., Vanooteghem, R., Hutchens, L. H., & Egelberg, J. H. (1987) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1987.tb00972.x · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Tooth loss after active periodontal therapy. 2: tooth‐related factors
Pretzl, B., Kaltschmitt, J., Kim, T., Reitmeir, P., & Eickholz, P. (2008) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01182.x · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Classification of the Vertical Component of Furcation Involvement
Tarnow, D. P., & Fletcher, P. D. (1984) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1984.55.5.283 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Three‐dimensional imaging as a pre‐operative tool in decision making for furcation surgery
Walter, C., Kaner, D., Berndt, D., Weiger, R., & Zitzmann, N. U. (2009) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01367.x · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Molar root anatomy and management of furcation defects
Al‐Shammari, K. F., Kazor, C. E., & Wang, H. (2001) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.280803.x · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Accuracy of three‐dimensional imaging in assessing maxillary molar furcation involvement
Walter, C., Weiger, R., & Zitzmann, N. U. (2010) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01556.x · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Projection of Cervical Enamel into Molar Furcations
Masters, D. H., & Hoskins, S. W. (1964) · The Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1964.35.1.49 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Diagnostic accuracy of CBCT for periodontal lesions
Braun, X., Ritter, L., Jervøe‐Storm, P., & Frentzen, M. (2013) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-013-1106-0 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Renvert, S., Persson, R. E., & Persson, G. R. (2012) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2012.120378 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Relationship between Periodontal Furcation Involvement and Molar Cervical Enamel Projections
Hou, G., & Tsai, C. (1987) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1987.58.10.715 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Furcation Involvements Correlated with Enamel Projections from the Cementoenamel Junction
Leib, A. M., Berdon, J. K., & Sabes, W. R. (1967) · The Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1967.38.4.330 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Bissada, N. F., & Abdelmalek, R. G. (1973) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1973.44.9.583 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Grewe, J. M., Meskin, L. H., & Miller, T. (1965) · The Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1965.36.6.460 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Cervical enamel projections as an etiologic factor in furcation involvement
Swan, R. H., & Hurt, W. C. (1976) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1976.0527 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Hou, G., & Tsai, C. (1997) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1997.68.7.687 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Laky, M., Majdalani, S., Kapferer, I., Frantal, S., Gahleitner, A., Moritz, A., & Ulm, C. (2013) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2013.120698 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Cervical enamel projections in Chinese first permanent molars*
Zee, K. Y., Chiu, M. L. B., Holmgren, C. J., Walker, R. T., & Corbet, E. F. (1991) · Australian Dental Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1991.tb01356.x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cervical Enamel Projections in Unusual Locations: A Case Report and Mini‐Review
Chan, H., Oh, T., Bashutski, J. D., Fu, J., & Wang, H. (2010) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2010.090654 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The relationship between cervical enamel projection and class II furcation defects in humans.
Machtei, E. E., Wasenstein, S. W., Peretz, B., & Laufer, D. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 14 · see citing works
(2003) · PubMed · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Bhusari, P. A., Sugandhi, A., Belludi, S. A., & Khan, S. (2013) · Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology · doi:10.4103/0972-124x.119290 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Zee, K.-Y., Bratthall, G., & Söderholm, G. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dental prostheses and tooth‐related factors
Ercoli, C., & Caton, J. G. (2018) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1002/jper.16-0569 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Dental prostheses and tooth‐related factors
Ercoli, C., & Caton, J. G. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.12950 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Nibali, L., Krajewski, A., Donos, N., Völzke, H., Pink, C., Kocher, T., & Holtfreter, B. (2017) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.12756 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Assiri, H. A., Dawasaz, A. A., Alahmari, A. A., & Asiri, Z. A. (2020) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-020-01106-6 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Shi, S., Meng, Y., Li, W., Jiao, J., Meng, H., & Feng, X. (2020) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.13343 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Shi, S., Meng, Y., Jiao, J., Shi, D., Meng, H., & Meng, H. (2024) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105360 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Furcation-involved molar teeth - part 1: prevalence, classification and assessment
Gill, T. M., Bahal, P., & Nibali, L. (2022) · BDJ · doi:10.1038/s41415-022-5202-x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cervical enamel projections from a periodontal perspective: A scoping review
Kim, H. J., & Kim, S. (2024) · Clinical Anatomy · doi:10.1002/ca.24141 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Anatomy of Multi‐rooted Teeth and Aetiopathogenesis of the Furcation Defect
Pretzl, B. (2018) · doi:10.1002/9781119270638.ch1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Dentition of the Hofmeyr Skull
Black, W., & Grine, F. E. (2022) · Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthroplogy series/Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthropology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07426-4_12 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Qin, P., Zhang, Q., Sun, T., Ma, L., Xiao, S., Li, A., & Zhu, C. (2026) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-026-08423-2
Alqahtani, H. M., Alossimi, A., Alosail, L. A., & Alotaibi, Y. N. (2026) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics16152455
- Authors
- Lim, H., Jeon, S., Cha, J., Lee, J., Choi, S., & Jung, U.
- Affiliations
- Kyung Hee University (KR)
- Yonsei University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Jung, Ui‐Won
- Venue
- The Anatomical Record
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-12-29
- Volume
- 299
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 379-384
- ISSN
- 1932-8486 (ISSN-L)
- 1932-8494
- OpenAlex
- W2291244061
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Anatomical Record (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- YUHSpace (Yonsei University Medical Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2014R1A1A1A05002953)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Dental Radiography and Imaging
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Orthodontics › Dental materials and restorations
- Keywords
- furcation involvement, mandibular molars, prevalence, Korean population, dental morphology
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dental Enamel, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Molar, Furcation Defects, Asian People, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Young Adult, Republic of Korea, Anatomic Variation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review