The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The lubricating activity of human synovial fluids
Abstract
The lubricating abilities of human synovial fluids were measured using a rotating cartilage‐on‐glass apparatus. A total of 247 human fluids were lubricationtested. Of these, 20 of the 180 knee fluids from patients with degenerative/traumatic joint disease lubricated less well than normal bovine synovial fluid. The remainder of the fluids from the knee and other joints were equivalent to normal bovine synovial fluid in their lubricating properties. The concentrations of hyaluronic acid, protein, and sialic acid and the relative viscosity of 117 human fluid samples were determined, but no relationships between the gross composition and the lubricating abilities were apparent.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
PROTEIN MEASUREMENT WITH THE FOLIN PHENOL REAGENT
Lowry, O., Rosebrough, N., Farr, A. L., & Randall, R. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6 · Cited by 317,331
A modified uronic acid carbazole reaction
Bitter, T., & Muir, H. M. (1962) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(62)90095-7 · Cited by 6,269
Jourdian, G. W., Dean, L., & Roseman, S. (1971) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62508-6 · Cited by 1,000
Balazs, E. A., Watson, D., Duff, I. F., & Roseman, S. (1967) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780100407 · Cited by 539
Fractionation of hyaluronic acid the polydispersity of hyaluronic acid from the bovine vitreous body
Laurent, T. C., Ryan, M., & Pietruszkiewicz, A. (1960) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta · doi:10.1016/0006-3002(60)90826-x · Cited by 294
Swann, D. A., Slayter, H. S., & Silver, F. H. (1981) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69297-5 · Cited by 232
Self-citationRole of hyaluronic acid in joint lubrication.
Swann, D. A., Radin, E. L., Nazimiec, M. E., Weisser, P. A., Curran, N., & LEWINNEK, G. E. (1974) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.33.4.318 · Cited by 194
Self-citationSeparation of a Hyaluronate-free Lubricating Fraction from Synovial Fluid
Radin, E. L., Swann, D. A., & Weisser, P. A. (1970) · Nature · doi:10.1038/228377a0 · Cited by 187
Self-citationThe lubricating activity of synovial fluid glycoproteins
Swann, D. A., Hendren, R. B., Radin, E. L., & Sotman, S. (1981) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780240104 · Cited by 176
Self-citationA Consolidated Concept of Joint Lubrication
Radin, E. L., & Paul, I. L. (1972) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/00004623-197254030-00014 · Cited by 124
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- McCutchen CW, 1978, Lubrication of joints, The Joints and Synovial Fluid, 437
- Higginson GL, 1981, The lubrication of natural joints, Tribology of Natural and Artificial Joints, 47
- Swann DA, 1980, Evidence that lubricating glycoprotein‐1 (LGP‐I) is the molecule responsible for the unique lubricating properties of bovine synovial fluid in a cartilage on glass system, Biology of the Articular Cartilage in Health and Disease, 123
- Swann DA, 1981, Structure and function of lubricin, the glycoprotein responsible for the boundary lubrication of articular cartilage, Articular Synovicum Int Symp Bruges, 45
- Jourdian GW, 1971, The sialic acid. XI. A periodate‐resorcinol method for the quantitative estimation of free sialic acids and their glycosides, J Biol Chem, 246, 430
- Swann DA, 1981, Isolation of a purified glycoprotein lubricating fraction from human synovial fluid (abstract), Arthritis Rheum (suppl), 24, S88
Cited by
Lubrication at physiological pressures by polyzwitterionic brushes
Chen, M., Briscoe, W. H., Armes, S. P., & Klein, J. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1169399 · Cited by 704
Klein, J. (2013) · Friction · doi:10.1007/s40544-013-0001-7 · Cited by 567
The role of interstitial fluid pressurization in articular cartilage lubrication
Ateshian, G. A. (2009) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.04.040 · Cited by 563
Experimental verification of the role of interstitial fluid pressurization in cartilage lubrication
Krishnan, R., Kopacz, M., & Ateshian, G. A. (2003) · Journal of Orthopaedic Research® · doi:10.1016/j.orthres.2003.07.002 · Cited by 337
Swann, D. A., Silver, F. H., Slayter, H. S., Stafford, W. F., & Shore, E. D. (1985) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2250195 · Cited by 317
Self-citationCaligaris, M., & Ateshian, G. A. (2008) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2008.02.020 · Cited by 306
Molecular mechanisms of synovial joint lubrication
Klein, J. (2006) · Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology · doi:10.1243/13506501jet143 · Cited by 244
Structural Aspects of Salivary Glycoproteins
LEVINE, M. J., Reddy, M. S., Tabak, L. A., Loomis, R. E., Bergey, E. J., Jones, P. C., Cohen, R. E., Stinson, M. W., & Al‐Hashimi, I. H. (1987) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345870660020901 · Cited by 231
Ateshian, G. A., Wang, H., & Lai, W. M. (1998) · Journal of Tribology · doi:10.1115/1.2834416 · Cited by 198
Bertolami, C. N., Gay, T., Clark, G. T., RENDELL, J. K., Shetty, V., Liu, C., & Swann, D. A. (1993) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0278-2391(10)80163-6 · Cited by 159
Self-citationLong term progression of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis.
Scott, D. L., Coulton, B., & Popert, A. J. (1986) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.45.5.373 · Cited by 157
Artificial Salivas: Present and Future
LEVINE, M. J., Aguirre, A., Hatton, M. N., & Tabak, L. A. (1987) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345870660s115 · Cited by 129
Statherin: A major boundary lubricant of human saliva
DOUGLAS, W. H. J., Reeh, E. S., Ramasubbu, N., Raj, P. A., Bhandary, K. K., & LEVINE, M. J. (1991) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(05)81259-8 · Cited by 95
Caligaris, M., Canal, C. E., Ahmad, C. S., Gardner, T. R., & Ateshian, G. A. (2009) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2009.03.020 · Cited by 92
Hartmann, P., Szabó, A., Erős, G., Gurabi, D., Horváth, G., Németh, I. B., Ghyczy, M., & Boros, M. (2009) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.012 · Cited by 91
Goldberg, R., Schroeder, A., Barenholz, Y., & Klein, J. (2011) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2011.03.061 · Cited by 81
Basalo, I. M., Raj, D., Krishnan, R., Chen, F. H., Hung, C. T., & Ateshian, G. A. (2004) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.05.045 · Cited by 72
Krishnan, R., Caligaris, M., Mauck, R. L., Hung, C. T., Costa, K. D., & Ateshian, G. A. (2004) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2004.08.009 · Cited by 71
Gale, L., Chen, Y., Hills, B. A., & Crawford, R. (2007) · Acta Orthopaedica · doi:10.1080/17453670710013852 · Cited by 64
WANG, H., & Ateshian, G. A. (1997) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(97)00031-6 · Cited by 64
High-Tech Hip Implant for Wireless Temperature Measurements In Vivo
Bergmann, G., Graichen, F., Dymke, J., Rohlmann, A., Duda, G. N., & Damm, P. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043489 · Cited by 62
Zhang, C., Liu, Y., Wen, S., & Wang, S. (2014) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/am503399u · Cited by 56
Liposomes as lubricants: beyond drug delivery
Goldberg, R., & Klein, J. (2012) · Chemistry and Physics of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.11.007 · Cited by 53
The different stages of synovitis: acute vs chronic, early vs late and non-erosive vs erosive
Tarner, I. H., Härle, P., Müller‐Ladner, U., Gay, R., & Gay, S. (2004) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2004.08.002 · Cited by 49
Systems View of Optimizing Metal on Metal Bearings
Schey, J. A. (1996) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/00003086-199608001-00012 · Cited by 46
Özgenel, G. Y., & Etöz, A. (2012) · Turkish Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery · doi:10.5505/tjtes.2012.95530 · Cited by 42
Cederlund, A. A., & Aspden, R. M. (2022) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2022.0364 · Cited by 41
Galectin-3 Binds to Lubricin and Reinforces the Lubricating Boundary Layer of Articular Cartilage
Reesink, H. L., Bonnevie, E. D., Liu, S., Shurer, C. R., Hollander, M. J., Bonassar, L. J., & Nixon, A. J. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep25463 · Cited by 39
Zhang, J., Xiao, S., Shen, M., Sun, L. J., Chen, F., Fan, P., Zhong, M., & Yang, J. (2016) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c6ra01436d · Cited by 34
Bruck, A. L., Karuppiah, K. S. K., Sundararajan, S., Wang, J., & Lin, Z. (2010) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials · doi:10.1002/jbm.b.31587 · Cited by 32
Wan, H., Ren, K., Kaper, H. J., & Sharma, P. K. (2020) · Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110977 · Cited by 29
Polymer Brushes under High Load
Balko, S. M., Kreer, T., Costanzo, P. J., Patten, T. E., Johner, A., Kuhl, T. L., & Marques, C. M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058392 · Cited by 25
Čípek, P., Vrbka, M., Rebenda, D., Nečas, D., & Křupka, I. (2020) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma13092075 · Cited by 25
How Do Cartilage Lubrication Mechanisms Fail in Osteoarthritis? A Comprehensive Review
Mahadeshwara, M. R., Al‐Jawad, M., Hall, R. M., Pandit, H. G., El-Gendy, R., & Bryant, M. (2024) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering11060541 · Cited by 24
Multimodal evaluation of tissue-engineered cartilage.
Mansour, J. M. (2012) · Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering · doi:10.5405/jmbe.1254 · Cited by 23
Effect of relaxation-dependent adhesion on pre-sliding response of cartilage
Han, G., & Eriten, M. (2018) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.172051 · Cited by 19
13C NMR investigation of synovial fluids
Albert, K., Michele, S., Günther, U. L., Fial, M., Gall, H., & Saal, J. G. (1993) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910300213 · Cited by 19
Studies on bovine temporomandibular joint synovial fluid
Hatton, M. N., & Swann, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry · doi:10.1016/0022-3913(86)90433-6 · Cited by 14
Self-citationMurray, E., Challoumas, D., Putti, A., & Millar, N. L. (2021) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2021.07.012 · Cited by 12
Detection of glycated polypeptides in human aqueous humor by lectin-binding analysis
Millard, C. B., Tripathi, B. J., & Tripathi, R. C. (1989) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/0014-4835(89)90096-1 · Cited by 11
Hard tissue lubrication by salivary fluids
Reeh, E. S., Aguirre, A., Sakaguchi, R. L., Rudney, J. D., LEVINE, M. J., & DOUGLAS, W. H. J. (1990) · Clinical Materials · doi:10.1016/0267-6605(90)90005-g · Cited by 10
Biotribological assessment for artificial synovial joints : the role of boundary lubrication
Gale, L. (2007) · Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering · Cited by 7
Drag Reduction in a Natural High-Frequency Swinging Micro-Articulation: Mouthparts of the Honey Bee
Shi, G., Wu, J., & Yan, S. (2016) · Journal of Insect Science · doi:10.1093/jisesa/iew122 · Cited by 6
Glykosaminoglykane als Marker für die posttraumatische Gonarthrose?
Scherer, M. A., Metak, G., Haas, B., Hammerschmid, E., & von Gumppenberg, S. (1998) · Der Chirurg · doi:10.1007/s001040050379 · Cited by 4
Thixotropy and shear thinning of lubricated contacts with confined membranes
Goff, T. L., To, T. B. T., & Pierre-Louis, O. (2017) · The European Physical Journal E · doi:10.1140/epje/i2017-11532-6 · Cited by 3
The Lubrication of the Natural Joint: Viscosity of Hyaluronic Acid and Friction in the Human Hip
Länger, H., Altmann, S., Lührs, W., & Zeidler, H. K. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3355-2_35 · Cited by 3
Corneci, M. (2012) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/d90a46f7zfd27z4085zb200zde1842430f16 · Cited by 2
Shear dynamics of confined membranes
Goff, T. L., To, T. B. T., & Pierre-Louis, O. (2021) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/d1sm00322d · Cited by 1
Submicroscopic Structure of Synovial Membrane in the Adult Pig
Horký, D. (1991) · Acta Veterinaria Brno · doi:10.2754/avb199160010003 · Cited by 1
Humoral Factors in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis
Hamerman, D., & Taylor, S. (1993) · E&M. Endocrinology and metabolism · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9272-9_12 · Cited by 1
Neutrophil leukocyte-mediated inflammatory reactions in the periosteum and synovial membrane
Hartmann, P. (2011) · SZTE Repository of Dissertations (University of Szeged) · doi:10.14232/phd.865
Aggrecan fragments as biomarkers in osteoarthritis
Larsson, S. (2010) · Lund University Publications (Lund University)
Synovial fluid protects cartilage against fatigue failure in cyclical compression
Ateshian, G. A., Zhang, H., & Hung, C. T. (2025) · Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger · doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152768
Dynamique non-linéaire et hors-équilibre des membranes lipidiques confinées
Goff, T. L. (2015) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/4f48e9dczc95az44b1za6fcz8ea0472535eb
Promoting the utilization of rheumatologic musculoskeletal anatomy: a 50-year travel log
Kalish, R. A., Wohlgethan, J. R., Liu, N., Álvarez-Nemegyei, J., Villaseñor‐Ovies, P., Saavedra, M. Á., Hernández‐Díaz, C., Navarro‐Zarza, J. E., Pascual‐Ramos, V., Naredo, E., et al. (2026) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-026-08244-2
Metadata
- Authors
- Swann, D. A., Bloch, K. J., Swindell, D., & Shore, E.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Swann, David A.
- Venue
- Arthritis & Rheumatism
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1984-05
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 552-556
- ISSN
- 0004-3591 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-0131
- OpenAlex
- W2040107284
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Arthritis & Rheumatism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Lubricants and Their Additives
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
- Keywords
- synovial fluid, lubrication, knee joint, osteoarthritis, hyaluronic acid, sialic acid, synovial fluid proteins, viscosity, joint lubrication
- MeSH terms
- Glycoproteins, Humans, Hyaluronic Acid, Lubrication, Proteins, Sialic Acids, Synovial Fluid, Viscosity, N-Acetylneuraminic Acid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
