Scopus’s Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) versus a Journal Impact Factor Based on Fractional Counting of Citations
Open accessAbstract
Impact factors (and similar measures such as the Scimago Journal Rankings) suffer from two problems: (a) citation behavior varies among fields of science and, therefore, leads to systematic differences, and (b) there are no statistics to inform us whether differences are significant. The recently introduced “source normalized impact per paper” indicator of Scopus tries to remedy the first of these two problems, but a number of normalization decisions are involved, which makes it impossible to test for significance. Using fractional counting of citations—based on the assumption that impact is proportionate to the number of references in the citing documents—citations can be contextualized at the paper level and aggregated impacts of sets can be tested for their significance. It can be shown that the weighted impact of Annals of Mathematics (0.247) is not so much lower than that of Molecular Cell (0.386) despite a five‐f old difference between their impact factors (2.793 and 13.156, respectively).
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
These conclusions about the superiority of citing-side normalization have also been challenged.
“However, these conclusions have also been challenged [236].”
From Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus: The Titans of Bibliographic Information in Today’s Academic World (2021) · cites this paper as [236]
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- Authors
- Leydesdorff, L., & Opthof, T.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-05-28
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2365-2369
- ISSN
- 1532-2882 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-2890
- OpenAlex
- W2952981920
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 14.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Web visibility and informetrics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Keywords
- Source Normalized Impact per Paper, journal impact factor, citation normalization, Scopus, Scimago Journal Ranking
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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