Cited by 856Decision-Making and Behavioral EconomicsRisk Perception and ManagementVaccine Coverage and Hesitancy

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Reluctance to vaccinate: Omission bias and ambiguity

Ritov, Ilana, Baron, Jonathan·1990·Journal of Behavioral Decision Making

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Abstract

Subjects are reluctant to vaccinate a (hypothetical) child when the vaccination itself can cause death, even when this is much less likely than death from the disease prevented. This effect is even greater when there is a ‘risk group’ for death (with its overall probability held constant), even though the test for membership in the risk group is unavailable. This effect cannot be explained in terms of a tendency to assume that the child is in the risk group. A risk group for death from the disease has no effect on reluctance to vaccinate. The reluctance is an example of omission bias (Spranca, Minsk & Baron, in press), an overgeneralization of a distinction between commissions and omissions to a case in which it is irrelevant. Likewise, it would ordinarily be prudent to find out whether a child is in a risk group before acting, but in this case it is impossible, so knowledge of the existence of the risk group is irrelevant. The risk‐group effect is consistent with Frisch & Baron's (1988) interpretation of ambiguity.

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Authors: Ritov, I., & Baron, J.
Affiliations: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
University of Michigan (US)
ORCID: Ritov, Ilana
Baron, Jonathan
Venue: Journal of Behavioral Decision Making
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1990-10
Volume: 3
Issue: 4
Pages: 263-277
ISSN: 0894-3257 (ISSN-L)
1099-0771
DOI: 10.1002/bdm.3960030404
OpenAlex: W2167052337
Cited by: 854
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 4.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 7541 d)
Locations: Journal of Behavioral Decision Making (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Risk Perception and Management
Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
Keywords: omission bias, ambiguity, risk groups, risk aversion, risk assessment, decision making under uncertainty

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Reluctance to vaccinate: Omission bias and ambiguity

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