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Reluctance to vaccinate: Omission bias and ambiguity
Abstract
Subjects are reluctant to vaccinate a (hypothetical) child when the vaccination itself can cause death, even when this is much less likely than death from the disease prevented. This effect is even greater when there is a ‘risk group’ for death (with its overall probability held constant), even though the test for membership in the risk group is unavailable. This effect cannot be explained in terms of a tendency to assume that the child is in the risk group. A risk group for death from the disease has no effect on reluctance to vaccinate. The reluctance is an example of omission bias (Spranca, Minsk & Baron, in press), an overgeneralization of a distinction between commissions and omissions to a case in which it is irrelevant. Likewise, it would ordinarily be prudent to find out whether a child is in a risk group before acting, but in this case it is impossible, so knowledge of the existence of the risk group is irrelevant. The risk‐group effect is consistent with Frisch & Baron's (1988) interpretation of ambiguity.
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From Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response (2020) · cites this paper as [180]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ritov, I., & Baron, J.
- Affiliations
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Behavioral Decision Making
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1990-10
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 263-277
- ISSN
- 0894-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-0771
- OpenAlex
- W2167052337
- Cited by
- 854
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 4.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Behavioral Decision Making (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Risk Perception and Management
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Keywords
- omission bias, ambiguity, risk groups, risk aversion, risk assessment, decision making under uncertainty
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