Facile pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass at high loadings in room temperature ionic liquids
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as attractive solvents for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment in the production of biofuels and chemical feedstocks. However, the high cost of ILs is a key deterrent to their practical application. Here, we show that acetate based ILs are effective in dramatically reducing the recalcitrance of corn stover toward enzymatic polysaccharide hydrolysis even at loadings of biomass as high as 50% by weight. Under these conditions, the IL serves more as a pretreatment additive rather than a true solvent. Pretreatment of corn stover with 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidizolium acetate ([Emim] [OAc]) at 125 ± 5°C for 1 h resulted in a dramatic reduction of cellulose crystallinity (up to 52%) and extraction of lignin (up to 44%). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the IL‐treated biomass was performed with a common commercial cellulase/xylanase from Trichoderma reesei and a commercial β‐glucosidase, and resulted in fermentable sugar yields of ∼80% for glucose and ∼50% for xylose at corn stover loadings up to 33% (w/w) and 55% and 34% for glucose and xylose, respectively, at 50% (w/w) biomass loading. Similar results were observed for the IL‐facilitated pretreatment of switchgrass, poplar, and the highly recalcitrant hardwood, maple. At 4.8% (w/w) corn stover, [Emim][OAc] can be readily reused up to 10 times without removal of extracted components, such as lignin, with no effect on subsequent fermentable sugar yields. A significant reduction in the amount of IL combined with facile recycling has the potential to enable ILs to be used in large‐scale biomass pretreatment. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2865–2875. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Differences in reactivity of β-O-4 aryl ether cleavage by hydrogen-bond acidic monoalkylimidazolium ionic liquids depended on the anion.
“Differences in reactivity depending on the anion were observed.”
From Deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids (2013) · cites this paper as [142]
More strongly hydrogen bond-basic anions (Cl-, Br-, [HSO4]-) resulted in higher yields of β-O-4 cleavage products than weakly basic anions, as well as in different routes.
“More strongly hydrogen bond-basic anions (Cl -, Br -and [HSO 4 ] -) resulted in higher yields of the cleavage products than weakly basic anions, as well as in different routes.”
From Deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids (2013) · cites this paper as [142]
The enol ether product was observed as an intermediate when the ionic liquid contained a coordinating anion.
“The enol ether product in Fig. 23 (top) was observed as an intermediate when the ionic liquid contained a coordinating anion.”
From Deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids (2013) · cites this paper as [142]
Less coordinating anions such as [BF4]- resulted in elimination of the γ hydroxyl methylene group, forming formaldehyde.
“Less coordinating anions such as [BF 4 ] -resulted in elimination of the γ hydroxyl methylene group, resulting in formation of formaldehyde.”
From Deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids (2013) · cites this paper as [142]
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Deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids
Brandt, A., Gräsvik, J., Hallett, J. P., & Welton, T. (2013) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c2gc36364j · Cited by 1,557 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Wu, H., Mora‐Pale, M., Miao, J., Doherty, T. V., Linhardt, R. J., & Dordick, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dordick, Jonathan S.
- Venue
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-08
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2865-2875
- ISSN
- 0006-3592 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0290
- OpenAlex
- W2113285416
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 9.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Catalysis for Biomass Conversion
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Ionic liquids properties and applications
- Keywords
- ionic liquids, lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment, corn stover, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, enzymatic hydrolysis, cellulose crystallinity, lignin extraction, ionic liquid recycling, switchgrass, poplar, maple, fermentable sugars, biofuels
- MeSH terms
- beta-Glucosidase, Cellulase, Zea mays, Glucose, Hydrolysis, Lignin, Polysaccharides, Solvents, Temperature, Trichoderma, Xylose, Biomass, Ionic Liquids
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