The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Do environmental, social, and governance activities improve corporate financial performance?
Open accessAbstract
This study investigated the relationship between corporate efficiency and corporate sustainability to determine whether firms concerned about environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues can also be efficient and profitable. We applied data envelopment analysis to estimate corporate efficiency and investigated the nonlinear relationship between corporate efficiency and ESG disclosure. Evidence shows that corporate transparency regarding ESG information has a positive association with corporate efficiency at the moderate disclosure level, rather than at the high or low disclosure level. Governance information disclosure has the strongest positive linkage with corporate efficiency, followed by social and environmental information disclosure. Moreover, we explored the relationship between particular ESG activities and corporate financial performance (CFP), including corporate efficiency, return on assets, and market value. We found that most of the ESG activities reveal a nonnegative relationship with CFP. These findings may provide evidence about voluntary corporate social responsibility strategy choices for enhancing corporate sustainability.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Toward a New Conception of the Environment-Competitiveness Relationship
Porter, M. E., & Linde, C. V. D. (1995) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.9.4.97 · Cited by 13,365
The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits
Friedman, M. (2007) · Corporate Ethics and Corporate Governance · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70818-6_14 · Cited by 11,529 · cited 2×
“Conventional shareholder-oriented management (Friedman, 1970) aims to enhance financial performance and maximize the benefits of shareholders.”
BackgroundCorporate Social and Financial Performance: A Meta-Analysis
Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F. L., & Rynes, S. L. (2003) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840603024003910 · Cited by 7,641
CORPORATE SOCIAL PERFORMANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL ATTRACTIVENESS TO PROSPECTIVE EMPLOYEES.
TURBAN, D. B., & GREENING, D. W. (1997) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/257057 · Cited by 3,149
Why Do Investors Hold Socially Responsible Mutual Funds?
RIEDL, A., & SMEETS, P. (2017) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/jofi.12547 · Cited by 1,378 · cited 1×
“Investors with intrinsic social preferences are more likely to hold socially responsible funds, rather than conventional funds of higher financial performance (Riedl and Smeets, 2017).”
BackgroundThe Economics of Green Building
Eichholtz, P., Kok, N., & Quigley, J. M. (2013) · Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00291 · Cited by 495
Cited by
Chen, S., Song, Y., & Gao, P. (2023) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118829 · Cited by 789
Waheed, A., & Zhang, Q. (2022) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-020-04679-y · Cited by 322
The Impact of Voluntary Sustainability Reporting on Firm Value: Insights from Signaling Theory
Friske, W., Hoelscher, S. A., & Nikolov, A. N. (2023) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-022-00879-2 · Cited by 249
Decoding the impact of firm‐level ESG performance on financial disclosure quality
Ferdous, L. T., Rana, T., & Yeboah, R. (2025) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.3982 · Cited by 46
Corporate Sustainability Disclosure and Investment Efficiency: The Saudi Arabian Context
Kouaib, A. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142113984 · Cited by 39
Metadata
- Authors
- Xie, J., Nozawa, W., Yagi, M., Fujii, H., & Managi, S.
- Venue
- Business Strategy and the Environment
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-08-14
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 286-300
- ISSN
- 0964-4733 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-0836
- OpenAlex
- W2886771468
- Cited by
- 1,072
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 45.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Do environmental, social, and governance activities improve corporate financial performance? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/bse.2224
- The paper
- Xie, J., Nozawa, W., Yagi, M., Fujii, H., & Managi, S. (2019). Do environmental, social, and governance activities improve corporate financial performance? Business Strategy and the Environment. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2224
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.