A New Nanobiosensor for Glucose with High Sensitivity and Selectivity in Serum Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between CdTe Quantum Dots and Au Nanoparticles

Abstract

A novel assembled nanobiosensor QDs‐ConA‐β‐CDs‐AuNPs was designed for the direct determination of glucose in serum with high sensitivity and selectivity. The sensing approach is based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CdTe quantum dots (QDs) as an energy donor and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as an energy acceptor. The specific combination of concanavalin A (ConA)‐conjugated QDs and thiolated β‐cyclodextrins (β‐SH‐CDs)‐modified AuNPs assembles a hyperefficient FRET nanobiosensor. In the presence of glucose, the AuNPs‐β‐CDs segment of the nanobiosensor is displaced by glucose which competes with β‐CDs on the binding sites of ConA, resulting in the fluorescence recovery of the quenched QDs. Experimental results show that the increase in fluorescence intensity is proportional to the concentration of glucose within the range of 0.10–50 μ M under the optimized experimental conditions. In addition, the nanobiosensor has high sensitivity with a detection limit as low as 50 n M, and has excellent selectivity for glucose over other sugars and most biological species present in serum. The nanobiosensor was applied directly to determine glucose in normal adult human serum, and the recovery and precision of the method were satisfactory. The unique combination of high sensitivity and good selectivity of this biosensor indicates its potential for the clinical determination of glucose directly and simply in serum, and provides the possibility to detect low levels of glucose in single cells or bacterial cultures. Moreover, the designed nanobiosensor achieves direct detection in biological samples, suggesting the use of nanobiotechnology‐based assembled sensors for direct analytical applications in vivo or in vitro.