Forgoing medical care because of cost: Assessing disparities in healthcare access among cancer survivors living in the United States
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Many US cancer survivors live years after diagnosis, which emphasizes the importance of healthcare access for survivors. It is not known whether having cancer has an impact on disparities in healthcare access that are present in the general population. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of forgoing care because of financial concerns in a representative sample of US adults to determine whether cancer history and race/ethnicity are associated with the likelihood of forgoing medical care. METHODS: Data from the US National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 2003 to 2006 were used to identify 6602 adult cancer survivors and 104,364 individuals who had no history of cancer. Self-reports of forgoing medical care services because of cost were analyzed according to cancer history and race/ethnicity using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of forgoing care because of cost among cancer survivors was 7.8% for medical care, 9.9% for prescription medications, 11.3% for dental care, and 2.7% for mental healthcare. Cancer survivors aged<65 years were more likely to delay or forego all types of medical care compared with adults who did not have a history of cancer. Hispanic and black cancer survivors were more likely to forego prescription medications and dental care than white survivors. Disparities among cancer survivors largely were reflective of those in the general adult population. CONCLUSIONS: More than 2 million US cancer survivors did not get 1 or more needed medical services because of financial concerns during the studied period. Future research needs to examine the impact of forgoing care on survivors' quality of life and survival.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
AI is transforming the healthcare domain by allowing clinicians to stay focused on the most critical patient care and requirements rather than being distracted by different priorities of the same patients.
“AI is transforming the healthcare domain by allowing clinicians to stay focused on the most critical patient care and requirements rather than being distracted by different priorities of the same patients [60,61].”
From Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features, capabilities, and applications (2022) · cites this paper as [60]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2003
Ries, L. A. G., Harkins, D., Krapcho, M. F., Mariotto, A. B., Miller, B., Feuer, E. J., Clegg, L. X., Eisner, M. P., Horner, M., Howlader, N., et al. (2006) · Digital Archive @ GSU · Cited by 11,404 · see citing works
Cancer Survivors in the United States: Age, Health, and Disability
Hewitt, M. E., Rowland, J. H., & Yancik, R. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/58.1.m82 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Self-citationMcGuire, S. (2011) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.111.000497 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Burden of Illness in Cancer Survivors: Findings From a Population-Based National Sample
Yabroff, K. R., Lawrence, W., Clauser, S., Davis, W. W., & Brown, M. L. (2004) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djh255 · Cited by 597 · see citing works
Health Behaviors of Cancer Survivors: Examining Opportunities for Cancer Control Intervention
Bellizzi, K. M., Rowland, J. H., Jeffery, D. D., & McNeel, T. S. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.02.2343 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Self-citationUnder use of necessary care among cancer survivors
Earle, C. C., & Neville, B. A. (2004) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.20560 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Cancer survivorship research: State of knowledge, challenges and opportunities
Aziz, N. M. (2007) · Acta Oncologica · doi:10.1080/02841860701367878 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Self-citationQuality of Non–Breast Cancer Health Maintenance Among Elderly Breast Cancer Survivors
Earle, C. C., Burstein, H. J., Winer, E. P., & Weeks, J. C. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2003.03.060 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Cancer Prevalence and Survivorship Issues: Analyses of the 1992 National Health Interview Survey
Hewitt, M. E., Breen, N., & Devesa, S. S. (1999) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/91.17.1480 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
The financial burden of cancer: estimates from a study of insured women with breast cancer.
Arozullah, A. M., Calhoun, E. A., Wolf, M., Finley, D. K., Fitzner, K. A., Heckinger, E. A., Gorby, N. S., Schumock, G. T., & Bennett, C. L. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Economic stress among low‐income women with cancer
Ell, K., Xie, B., Wells, A., Nedjat‐Haiem, F. R., Lee, P., & Vourlekis, B. S. (2007) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.23203 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Comparing Care for Breast Cancer Survivors to Non-Cancer Controls: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study
Snyder, C. F., Frick, K. D., Peairs, K. S., Kantsiper, M. E., Herbert, R. J., Blackford, A. L., Wolff, A. C., & Earle, C. C. (2009) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-009-0903-2 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Preventive Care for Colorectal Cancer Survivors: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study
Snyder, C. F., Earle, C. C., Herbert, R. J., Neville, B. A., Blackford, A. L., & Frick, K. D. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2007.11.9859 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Trends in Follow-up and Preventive Care for Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Snyder, C. F., Earle, C. C., Herbert, R. J., Neville, B. A., Blackford, A. L., & Frick, K. D. (2008) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0497-5 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Out-of-Pocket Health-Care Expenditures among Older Americans with Cancer
Langa, K. M., Fendrick, A. M., Chernew, M. E., Kabeto, M. U., Paisley, K. L., & Hayman, J. A. (2004) · Value in Health · doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2004.72334.x · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Cost Considerations as Potential Barriers to Cancer Treatment
Guidry, J. J., Aday, L. A., Zhang, D., et al. (1998) · Cancer Practice · doi:10.1046/j.1523-5394.1998.006003182.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Sabatino, S. A., Coates, R. J., Uhler, R. J., Alley, L. G., & Pollack, L. A. (2006) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.21879 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Influenza Vaccination in Elderly Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Earle, C. C. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2003.06.008 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Health, United States, 1995; Chartbook
Feldman, J. J., Makuc, D. M., & Prager, K. (1996) · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [2]Hewitt ME, National Cancer Policy Board (U.S.), Committee on Cancer Survivorship: Improving Care and Quality of Life From cancer patient to cancer survivor: lost in transition Washington, D.C National Academies Press 2006
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features, capabilities, and applications
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Pratap Singh, R., & Suman, R. (2022) · Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems · doi:10.1016/j.iotcps.2022.04.001 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Health status of adolescent and young adult cancer survivors
Tai, E., Buchanan, N., Townsend, J., Fairley, T., Moore, A., & Richardson, L. C. (2012) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.27445 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Caraballo, C., Valero-Elizondo, J., Khera, R., Mahajan, S., Grandhi, G. R., Virani, S. S., Mszar, R., Krumholz, H. M., & Nasir, K. (2020) · Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.119.006139 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
- Authors
- Weaver, K. E., Rowland, J. H., Bellizzi, K. M., & Aziz, N. M.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Corresponding author
- Weaver, Kathryn E.
- Venue
- Cancer
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-06-14
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 3493-3504
- ISSN
- 0008-543X (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0142
- PMC
- PMC3018838
- OpenAlex
- W2024050348
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 31.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
- Locations
- Cancer (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (HHSN261200900553P, L30 CA153405)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic and Financial Impacts of Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Keywords
- cancer survivors, health care access disparities, racial and ethnic disparities, prescription medication access, access to dental care, access to mental health care, older adults, financial barriers to care
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Black or African American, Health Expenditures, Health Services Accessibility, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Time Factors, United States, Survivors, Black People, White People, Healthcare Disparities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
