Furfural—A Promising Platform for Lignocellulosic Biofuels
Abstract
Furfural offers a promising, rich platform for lignocellulosic biofuels. These include methylfuran and methyltetrahydrofuran, valerate esters, ethylfurfuryl and ethyltetrahydrofurfuryl ethers as well as various C 10–C 15 coupling products. The various production routes are critically reviewed, and the needs for improvements are identified. Their relative industrial potential is analysed by defining an investment index and CO 2 emissions as well as determining the fuel properties for the resulting products. Finally, the most promising candidate, 2‐methylfuran, was subjected to a road trial of 90 000 km in a gasoline blend. Importantly, the potential of the furfural platform relies heavily on the cost‐competitive production of furfural from lignocellulosic feedstock. Conventional standalone and emerging coproduct processes—for example, as a coproduct of cellulosic ethanol, levulinic acid or hydroxymethyl furfural—are expensive and energetically demanding. Challenges and areas that need improvement are highlighted. In addition to providing a critical review of the literature, this paper also presents new results and analysis in this area.
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Since furfural is industrially produced from lignocellulose on a scale of 400 kilotons a year, producing FDCA from furfural provides a potentially cheaper route to FDCA.
“Since furfural is industrially produced from lignocellulose on a scale of 400 kilotons a year, this provides a potentially cheaper route to FDCA.115”
From Catalysis as an Enabling Science for Sustainable Polymers (2018) · cites this paper as [115]
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Conversion of Biomass into Chemicals over Metal Catalysts
Besson, M., Gallezot, P., & Pinel, C. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr4002269 · Cited by 1,780 · see citing works
Catalysis as an Enabling Science for Sustainable Polymers
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- Authors
- Lange, J., van der Heide, E., van Buijtenen, J., & Price, R.
- Affiliations
- Shell (Netherlands) (NL)
- Shell (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lange, Jean‐Paul
- ORCID
- Lange, Jean‐Paul
- Venue
- ChemSusChem
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-12-23
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 150-166
- ISSN
- 1864-5631 (ISSN-L)
- 1864-564X
- OpenAlex
- W2165032076
- Cited by
- 1,323
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 114 · 2019: 121 · 2018: 136 · 2017: 129 · 2016: 108 · 2015: 101 · 2014: 90 · 2013: 67 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 4.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ChemSusChem (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Université de Namur
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Catalysis for Biomass Conversion
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Keywords
- furfural, lignocellulosic biofuels, 2-methylfuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, methylfuran, furfuryl ethers, levulinic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, gasoline blends, road testing, CO2 emissions, investment index, fuel properties, cost competitiveness
- MeSH terms
- Furaldehyde, Lignin, Green Chemistry Technology, Biofuels
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