Lignin‐Derived Advanced Carbon Materials
Open accessAbstract
Lignin is a highly abundant source of renewable carbon that can be considered as a valuable sustainable source of biobased materials. By applying specific pretreatments and manufacturing methods, lignin can be converted into a variety of value‐added carbon materials. However, the physical and chemical heterogeneities of lignin complicate its use as a feedstock. Herein lignin manufacturing process, the effects of pretreatments and manufacturing methods on the properties of product lignin, and structure–property relationships in various applications of lignin‐derived carbon materials, such as carbon fibers, carbon mats, activated carbons, carbon films, and templated carbon, are discussed.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Catalytic Valorization of Lignin for the Production of Renewable Chemicals
Zakzeski, J., Bruijnincx, P. C. A., Jongerius, A. L., & Weckhuysen, B. M. (2010) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr900354u · Cited by 4,468 · see citing works
Lignin Valorization: Improving Lignin Processing in the Biorefinery
Ragauskas, A. J., Beckham, G. T., Biddy, M. J., Chandra, R. P., Chen, F., Davis, M. F., Davison, B. H., Dixon, R. A., Gilna, P., Keller, M., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1246843 · Cited by 4,152 · see citing works
Carbon materials for chemical capacitive energy storage
Zhai, Y., Dou, Y., Zhao, D., Fulvio, P. F., Mayes, R. T., & Dai, S. (2011) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201100984 · Cited by 2,964 · see citing works
Monomers, Polymers and Composites from Renewable Resources
Belgacem, M. N., & Gandini, A. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-045316-3.x0001-4 · Cited by 1,497 · see citing works
Progress in Green Polymer Composites from Lignin for Multifunctional Applications: A Review
Thakur, V. K., Thakur, M. K., Raghavan, P., & Kessler, M. R. (2014) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/sc500087z · Cited by 1,404 · see citing works
Lignin – from natural adsorbent to activated carbon: A review
Suhas, S., Carrott, P. J. M., & Carrott, M. M. L. R. (2006) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.08.008 · Cited by 1,064 · see citing works
Lignin as Renewable Raw Material
Calvo‐Flores, F. G., & Dobado, J. A. (2010) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201000157 · Cited by 980 · see citing works
Fabrication and Properties of Carbon Fibers
Huang, X. (2009) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma2042369 · Cited by 978 · see citing works
Carbon Fibers: Precursor Systems, Processing, Structure, and Properties
Frank, E., Steudle, L. M., Ingildeev, D., Spörl, J. M., & Buchmeiser, M. R. (2014) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201306129 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
Carbon Nanofibers Prepared via Electrospinning
Inagaki, M., Yang, Y., & Kang, F. (2012) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201104940 · Cited by 806 · see citing works
Lignin-based carbon fibers for composite fiber applications
Kadla, J. F., Kubo, S., Venditti, R. A., Gilbert, R. D., Compere, A. L., & Griffith, W. L. (2002) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(02)00248-8 · Cited by 771 · see citing works
A review on lignin-based polymeric, micro- and nano-structured materials
Duval, A., & Lawoko, M. (2014) · Reactive and Functional Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.09.017 · Cited by 734 · see citing works
Recent advances in low‐cost carbon fiber manufacture from lignin
Baker, D. A., & Rials, T. G. (2013) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.39273 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
Studies on Supercapacitor Electrode Material from Activated Lignin-Derived Mesoporous Carbon
Saha, D., Li, Y., Bi, Z., Chen, J., Keum, J. K., Hensley, D. K., Grappe, H. A., Meyer, H. M., Dai, S., Paranthaman, M. P., et al. (2014) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la404112m · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Turning renewable resources into value-added polymer: development of lignin-based thermoplastic
Saito, T., Brown, R. H., Hunt, M. A., Pickel, D. L., Pickel, J. M., Messman, J. M., Baker, F. S., Keller, M., & Naskar, A. K. (2012) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c2gc35933b · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Self-citationLignin-based Carbon Fibers: Effect of Synthetic Polymer Blending on Fiber Properties
Kubo, S., & Kadla, J. F. (2005) · Journal of Polymers and the Environment · doi:10.1007/s10924-005-2941-0 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Chemical Modification, Properties, and Usage of Lignin
Hu, T. Q. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0643-0 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Wang, S., Yang, L., Stubbs, L. P., et al. (2013) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/am4043867 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Lignin-based carbon fibers: Oxidative thermostabilization of kraft lignin
Braun, J. L., Holtman, K. M., & Kadla, J. F. (2004) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.09.027 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Fu, K., Yue, Q., Gao, B., Sun, Y., & Zhu, L. (2013) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2013.05.028 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
The production of submicron diameter carbon fibers by the electrospinning of lignin
Ruiz-Rosas, R. R., Bedia, J., Lallave, M., et al. (2009) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2009.10.014 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Kubo, S., & Kadla, J. F. (2004) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma0490552 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Industrial Commercial Lignins: Sources, Properties and Applications
Lora, J. H. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-045316-3.00010-7 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Lignins: Major Sources, Structure and Properties
Gellerstedt, G., & Henriksson, G. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-045316-3.00009-0 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Gonzalez-Serrano, E., Cordero, T., Rodríguez‐Mirasol, J., et al. (2004) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2004.04.048 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Baker, D. A., Gallego, N. C., & Baker, F. S. (2011) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.33596 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
HEMP-derived activated carbon fibers by chemical activation with phosphoric acid
Rosas, J. M., Bedia, J., Rodríguez‐Mirasol, J., & Cordero, T. (2008) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2008.08.004 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Lallave, M., Bedia, J., Ruiz-Rosas, R. R., et al. (2007) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200700963 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Highly Robust Lithium Ion Battery Anodes from Lignin: An Abundant, Renewable, and Low‐Cost Material
Tenhaeff, W. E., Rios, O. R., More, K. L., et al. (2013) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201301420 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Hu, S., Zhang, S., Pan, N., et al. (2014) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.07.063 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
A new carbon fiber from lignin
Sudo, K., & Shimizu, K. (1992) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.1992.070440113 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Controlling Porosity in Lignin‐Derived Nanoporous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications
Jeon, J., Zhang, L., Lutkenhaus, J. L., Laskar, D. D., Lemmon, J. P., Choi, D., Nandasiri, M. I., Hashmi, A. J., Xu, J., Motkuri, R. K., et al. (2014) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201402621 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Gergova, K., Petrov, N. V., & Eser, S. (1994) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/0008-6223(94)90091-4 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Lignin-Based Electrospun Nanofibers Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals
Ago, M., Okajima, K., Jakes, J. E., et al. (2012) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm201828g · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Wood/plastic copyrolysis in an auger reactor: Chemical and physical analysis of the products
Bhattacharya, P., Steele, P. H., Hassan, E. B., Mitchell, B. K., Ingram, L. L., & Pittman, C. U. (2009) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2009.01.009 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Carbon Fibers: Formation, Structure, and Properties
Peebles, L. H. (2017) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Carbon fibers from dry-spinning of acetylated softwood kraft lignin
Zhang, M., & Ogale, A. A. (2013) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2013.12.015 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Methanol Fractionation of Softwood Kraft Lignin: Impact on the Lignin Properties
Saito, T., Perkins, J. H., Vautard, F., et al. (2013) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201300509 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Self-citationPreparation of Carbon Fibers from Organosolv Lignin Obtained by Aqueous Acetic Acid Pulping
Uraki, Y., Kubo, S., Nigo, N., et al. (1995) · Holzforschung · doi:10.1515/hfsg.1995.49.4.343 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Wörmeyer, K., Ingram, T., Saake, B., Brunner, G. H., & Smirnova, I. V. (2010) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.063 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
A Study of Carbonized Lignin as an Alternative to Carbon Black
Snowdon, M. R., Mohanty, A. K., & Misra, M. (2014) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/sc500086v · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Faruk, O., & Sain, M. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2014-0-01101-x · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Dallmeyer, I., Lin, L. T., Li, Y., et al. (2013) · Macromolecular Materials and Engineering · doi:10.1002/mame.201300148 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from eucalyptus kraft lignin
Rodríguez‐Mirasol, J., Cordero, T., & Rodriguez, J. J. (1993) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/0008-6223(93)90160-c · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Ultrafine microporous and mesoporous activated carbon fibers from alkali lignin
Hu, S., & Hsieh, Y. (2013) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c3ta12538f · Cited by 129 · see citing works
A new modification method of exploded lignin for the preparation of a carbon fiber precursor
Sudo, K., Shimizu, K., Nakashima, N., et al. (1993) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.1993.070480817 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Preparation of Different Carbon Materials by Thermochemical Conversion of Lignin
Rosas, J. M., Berenguer, R., Valero-Romero, M. J., Rodríguez‐Mirasol, J., & Cordero, T. (2014) · Frontiers in Materials · doi:10.3389/fmats.2014.00029 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Ruiz-Rosas, R. R., Valero-Romero, M. J., Salinas‐Torres, D., et al. (2014) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201301408 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
NMR a critical tool to study the production of carbon fiber from lignin
Foston, M. B., Nunnery, G. A., Meng, X., et al. (2012) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2012.09.006 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Activated carbons from carbon dioxide partial gasification of eucalyptus kraft lignin
Rodríguez‐Mirasol, J., Cordero, T., & Rodriguez, J. J. (1993) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef00037a021 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Seo, J., Park, H., Shin, K., et al. (2014) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2014.04.087 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Thermal conversion of alkaline lignin and its structured derivatives to porous carbonized materials
Kijima, M., Hirukawa, T., Hanawa, F., & Hata, T. (2011) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.023 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Carrott, P. J. M., Suhas, S., Carrott, M. M. L. R., Guerrero, C. I., & Delgado, L. (2008) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2008.04.004 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Synthesis and characterization of lignin-based carbon materials with tunable microstructure
Chatterjee, S., Clingenpeel, A. C., McKenna, A. M., et al. (2013) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c3ra46928j · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterization of carbons derived from cellulose and lignin and their oxidative behavior
Xie, X., Goodell, B. S., Zhang, D., et al. (2008) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.057 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Conversion of Lignin Precursors to Carbon Fibers with Nanoscale Graphitic Domains
Chatterjee, S., Jones, E. B., Clingenpeel, A. C., et al. (2014) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/sc500189p · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationCarbon fibers based on pyrolytic lignin
Qin, W., & Kadla, J. F. (2012) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.36554 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Sustainable Mesoporous Carbons as Storage and Controlled-Delivery Media for Functional Molecules
Saha, D., Payzant, E. A., Kumbhar, A. S., & Naskar, A. K. (2013) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/am401661f · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Dallmeyer, I., Chowdhury, S., & Kadla, J. F. (2013) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm400465p · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Luo, J., GENCO, J. M., Cole, B. J. W., et al. (2011) · BioResources · doi:10.15376/biores.6.4.4566-4593 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Carbon Fibers from UV-Assisted Stabilization of Lignin-Based Precursors
Zhang, M., Jin, J., & Ogale, A. A. (2015) · Fibers · doi:10.3390/fib3020184 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Dallmeyer, I., Ko, F., & Kadla, J. F. (2014) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie403724y · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Lignin‐based activated carbon fibers and controllable pore size and properties
Shen, Q., Zhang, T., Zhang, W., et al. (2011) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.33701 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Kadla, J. F., Kubo, S., Gilbert, R. D., et al. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0643-0_7 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Isaev, I. R., Salitra, G., Soffer, A., et al. (2003) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(03)00119-8 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Fractal dimensions of activated carbons prepared from lignin by chemical activation
Hayashi, J., Muroyama, K., Gomes, V. G., & Watkinson, A. P. (2002) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(02)00017-9 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Lignin: Properties and applications in biotechnology and bioenergy
Dawkar, V. V., Jadhav, U. U., Chougale, A. D., et al. (2012) · Cited by 47 · see citing works
On the raw materials of MP carbon fiber
Ōtani, S., Yamada, K., Koitabashi, T., et al. (1966) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/0008-6223(66)90055-8 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Evidence for Complex Molecular Architectures for Solvent-Extracted Lignins
Harton, S. E., Pingali, S. V., Nunnery, G. A., Baker, D. A., Walker, S. H., Muddiman, D. C., Koga, T., Rials, T. G., Urban, V. S., & Langan, P. A. (2012) · ACS Macro Letters · doi:10.1021/mz300045e · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Effect of extraction procedure on the molecular weight of wheat straw lignins
Sun, R., Lawther, J. M., Banks, W. B., et al. (1997) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/s0926-6690(96)00168-9 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Influence of extraction treatment on olive tree (Olea europaea) pruning lignin structure
Toledano, A., Erdocia, X., Serrano, L., et al. (2012) · Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1002/ep.11725 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Lignin-based carbon films and controllable pore size and properties
Shen, Q., & Zhong, L. (2006) · Materials Science and Engineering A · doi:10.1016/j.msea.2006.09.066 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Polymer Precursor-Derived Carbon
Naskar, A. K., & Hoffman, W. P. (2014) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2014-1173 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Volpati, D., Machado, A. D., Olivati, C. D. A., et al. (2011) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm200704m · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Dimmel, D. R. (2010) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/ebk1574444865-c1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Lignin Based Carbon Materials for Energy Storage Applications
Chatterjee, S., Saito, T., Rios, O. R., et al. (2014) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2014-1186.ch011 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationSolvent Fractionation of Lignin
Chatterjee, S., & Saito, T. (2014) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2014-1173.ch007 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationBhattacharya, P., Hassan, E. B., Steele, P. H., et al. (2010) · BioResources · doi:10.15376/biores.5.2.908-919 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 46
- G. Gellerstedt and G. Henriksson, in Monomers, Polymers and Composites from Renewable Resources, eds. M. N. Belgacem and A. Gandini, Elsevier, Oxford, UK Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1998, ch. 9, pp. 201-224.
- J. Zakzeski, P. C. A. Bruijnincx, A. L. Jongerius and B. M. Weckhuysen, Chemical Reviews, 2010, 110, 3552-3599.
- S. Chatterjee, A. Clingenpeel, A. McKenna, O. Rios and A. Johs, RSC Advances, 2014, 4, 4743-4753.
- T. Saito, R. H. Brow n, M. A. Hunt, D. L. Pickel, J. M. Pickel, J. M. Messman, F. S. Baker, M. Keller and A. K. Naskar, Green Chemistry, 2012, 14, 3295-3303.
- S.-X. Wang, L. Yang, L. P. Stubbs, X. Li and C. He, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2013, 5, 12275-12282.
- J. Lora, in Monomers, Polymers and Composite from Renewable Resources, eds. M. N. Belgacem and A. Gandini, Elsevier, Oxford, UK; Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2008, ch. 10, pp. 225-241.
- J. Luo, J. Genco, B. Cole and R. Fort, BioResources, 2011, 6, 4566-4605
- D. A. Baker, N. C. Gallego and F. S. Baker, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2012, 124, 227-234.
- J. L. Braun, K. M. Holtman and J. F. Kadla, Carbon, 2005, 43, 385-394.
- K. Sudo and K. Shimizu, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1992, 44, 127-134.
- J. F. Kadla, S. Kubo, R. A. Venditti, R. D. Gilbert, A. L. Compere and W. Griffith, Carbon, 2002, 40, 2913-2920.
- L. Serrano, A. Toledano, A. Garcia and J. Labidi, ed. R. J. Peterson, Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York, 2012, pp. 139-182.
- P. Bhattacharya, P. H. Steele, E. B. M. Hassan, B. Mitchell, L. Ingram and C. U. Pittman Jr, Fuel, 2009, 88, 1251-1260.
- P. Bhattacharya, E. B. Hassan, P. Steele, J. Cooper and L. Ingram, BioResources, 2010, 5, 908-919.
- P. Bhattacharya, V. Penmetsa, P. Steele and B. Mitchell, Journal of Forest Products and Industries 2013, 2, 47-57.
- V. K. Thakur, M. K. Thakur, P. Raghavan and M. R. Kessler, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2014, 2, 1072-1092.
- D. A. Baker and T. G. Rials, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2013, 130, 713-728.
- Suhas, P. J. M. Carrott and M. M. L. Ribeiro Carrott, Bioresource Technology, 2007, 98, 2301-2312.
- G. S. Dhillon, F. Gassara, S. K. Brar and M. Verma, in Lignin properties and applications in biotechnology and bioenergy, ed. R. J. Paterson, Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York, 2012, ch. 1, pp. 1-34.
- C. Heitner, D. Dimmel and J. A. Schmidt, eds., Lignin and Lignans, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 2010.
- S. E. Harton, S. V. Pingali, G. A. Nunnery, D. A. Baker, S. H. Walker, D. C. Muddiman, T. Koga, T. G. Rials, V. S. Urban and P. Langan, ACS Macro Letters, 2012, 1, 568-573.
- T. Saito, J. H. Perkins, F. Vautard, H. M. Meyer, J. M. Messman, B. Tolnai and A. K. Naskar, ChemSusChem, 2014, 7, 221-228.
- K. Wörmeyer, T. Ingram, B. Saake, G. Brunner and I. Smirnova, Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102, 4157-4164.
- R. Sun, J. M. Law ther, W. B. Banks and B. Xiao, Industrial Crops and Products, 1997, 6, 97-106.
- A. Toledano, X. Erdocia, L. Serrano and J. Labidi, Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2013, 32, 1187-1194.
- C. Sabornie and S. Tomonori, in Polymer Precursor-Derived Carbon, American Chemical Society, 2014, vol. 1173, ch. 7, pp. 153-168.
- S. Chatterjee, E. B. Jones, A. Clingenpeel, A. M. Mc Kenna, N. W. Mc Nutt, O. Rios, D. J. Keffer and A. Johs, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2014, 2, 2002-2010.
- F. S. Baker, W. L. Griffith and A. L. Compere, in Process Report, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2005.
- J. F. Kadla, S. Kubo, R. D. Gilbert and R. A. Venditti, in Chemical, modification, properties, and usage of lignin, ed. T. Q. Hu, Kluw er Academmic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 1 edn., 2002, ch. 7, pp. 121- 135.
- X. Huang, Materials, 2009, 2, 2369-2403.
- M. Foston, G. A. Nunnery, X. Meng, Q. Sun, F. S. Baker and A. Ragauskas, Carbon, 2013, 52, 65-73.
- S. Ōtani, K. Yamada, T. Koitabashi and A. Yokoyama, Carbon, 1966, 4, 425-432.
- K. Sudo, K. Shimizu, N. Nakashima and A. Yokoyama, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1993, 48, 1485-1491.
- Y. Uraki, S. Kubo, N. Nigo, Y. Sano and T. Sasaya, Holzforschung, 1995, 49, 343-350.
- W. Qin and J. F. Kadla, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2012, 126, E204-E213.
- C. D. Warren and A. K. Naskar, Presentation bat 2012 DOE hydrogen and fuel cells program and vehicle technologies program annual merit review and peer evaluation meeting, 2012.
- I. Isaev, G. Salitra, A. Soffer, Y. S. Cohen, D. Aurbach and J. Fischer, J Power Sources, 2003, 119, 28-33.
- J. i. Hayashi, K. Muroyama, V. G. Gomes and A. P. Watkinson, Carbon, 2002, 40, 630-632.
- Y. Zhai, Y. Dou, D. Zhao, P. F. Fulvio, R. T. Mayes and S. Dai, Advanced Materials, 2011, 23, 4828- 4850.
- K. Gergova, N. Petrov and S. Eser, Carbon, 1994, 32, 693-702.
- E. Gonzalez-Serrano, T. Cordero, J. Rodriguez- Mirasol, L. Cotoruelo, J. J. Rodriguez and Water Res. , 2004, 38, 3043-3050.
- D. Saha, E. A. Payzant, A. S. Kumbhar and A. K. Naskar, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2013, 5, 5868-5874.
- D. Saha, Y. Li, Z. Bi, J. Chen, J. K. Keum, D. K. Hensley, H. A. Grappe, H. M. Meyer, S. Dai, M. P. Paranthaman and A. K. Naskar, Langmuir, 2014, 30, 900-910.
- S. Hu and Y.-L. Hsieh, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2013, 1, 11279-11288.
- Q. Shen, T. Zhang, W.-X. Zhang, S. Chen and M. Mezgebe, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2011, 121, 989-994.
- D. Volpati, A. D. Machado, C. A. Olivati, N. Alves, A. A. S. Curvelo, D. Pasquini and C. J. L. Constantino, Biomacromolecules, 2011, 12, 3223-3231.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zhang, H., Luo, B., Wu, K., Zhao, B., Yu, J., Wang, S., & Tao, Y. (2022) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123635 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chatterjee, S., & Saito, T.
- Affiliations
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Saito, Tomonori
- ORCID
- Saito, Tomonori
- Venue
- ChemSusChem
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-11-16
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 3941-3958
- ISSN
- 1864-5631 (ISSN-L)
- 1864-564X
- OpenAlex
- W2268672388
- Cited by
- 333
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13
- FWCI
- 1.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.osti.gov
- Locations
- ChemSusChem (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- US Department of Energy (DE-AC05-00OR22725)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lignin and Wood Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Keywords
- lignin, lignin pretreatment, structure-property relationships, carbon fiber, activated carbon, carbon films, bio-based materials
- MeSH terms
- Carbon, Lignin, Physical Phenomena
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
