Comorbid depression, but not comorbid anxiety disorders, predicts poor outcome in anxiety disorders.
Abstract
Influence of type of comorbidity was studied over the course of 1 year in a sample of 141 outpatients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia and generalized anxiety disorder, who were receiving different forms of cognitive behavior therapy. Influence of type of comorbidity was determined on the basis of change scores (linear regression analysis) and remission data (Kaplan-Meier survival analysis). Three categories, as assessed at baseline, were compared: no comorbidity, comorbidity among anxiety disorders, and comorbidity with mood disorders. Primary outcome variable: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory State subscale measured at four assessments (0, 12, 24, and 52 weeks). Analyses of change and remission indicated that comorbidity with mood disorders led to (i) less improvement and (ii) a lower remission rate than comorbidity among anxiety disorders and no comorbidity. Because comorbidity has a critical influence on prognosis, it seems to be important to make a reliable diagnosis of the disorders present.
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The presence of comorbid GAD and depression has predicted poorer therapeutic outcomes using psychotropic medication and psychological therapy.
“Importantly, the presence of comorbid GAD and depression has predicted poorer therapeutic outcomes using psychotropic medication (Van Balkom et al., 2008) and psychological therapy (Newman et al., 2010; Coplan et al., 2015).”
From A Multiple-Baseline Evaluation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Focused on Repetitive Negative Thinking for Comorbid Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Depression (2020) · cites this paper as Van Balkom et al., 2008
The presence of comorbidity between GAD and depression predicts poorer therapeutic outcomes.
“Unfortunately, the presence of this comorbidity predicts poorer therapeutic outcomes (Van Balkom et al., 2008; Newman et al., 2010; Coplan et al., 2015).”
From A Multiple-Baseline Evaluation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Focused on Repetitive Negative Thinking for Comorbid Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Depression (2020) · cites this paper as Van Balkom et al., 2008
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- Authors
- van Balkom, A. J. L. M., van Boeijen, C. A., Boeke, A. J. P., van Oppen, P., Kempe, P. T., & van Dyck, R.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-05-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 408-415
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6394
- OpenAlex
- W2023628938
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- comorbidities, depression, anxiety disorders, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, mood disorders, cognitive behavioral therapy, treatment outcomes, remission, prognosis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Agoraphobia, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Family Practice, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Prognosis, Referral and Consultation, Self Care, Comorbidity, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Panic Disorder, Treatment Outcome, Practice Guidelines as Topic
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