DBT-enhanced habit reversal treatment for trichotillomania: 3- and 6-month follow-up results
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Maintenance of gains with cognitive-behavioral treatment for trichotillomania (TTM) has historically been problematic. METHODS: We conducted follow-up assessments 3 and 6 months after completion of a 3-month maintenance phase on 10 individuals with DSM-IV-TR TTM who participated in an open trial of a dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)-enhanced habit reversal treatment (HRT). RESULTS: Significant improvement from baseline was reported at 3-and 6-month follow-up on all measures of hair pulling severity and emotion regulation, although some worsening was reported on some measures from earlier study time points. At 6-month follow-up, five and four participants were full and partial responders, respectively. Significant correlations were reported at both follow-up time points between changes in hair pulling severity and emotion regulation capacity. CONCLUSIONS: DBT-enhanced HRT offers promise for improved long-term treatment results in TTM. Changes in TTM severity from baseline to 3-and 6-month follow-up is correlated with changes in emotion regulation capacity.
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At both follow-up time points, significant correlations were reported between changes in hair pulling severity and emotion regulation capacity.
“At both follow-up time points, significant correlations were reported between changes in hair pulling severity and ER capacity.”
From Dbt-enhanced cognitive-behavioral treatment for trichotillomania: A randomized controlled trial (2012) · cites this paper as Keuthen et al., 2011
At 3- and 6-month follow-up after the 3-month maintenance period, significant improvement from baseline still occurred for all hair pulling severity and emotion regulation measures.
“At 3- and 6-month follow-up after the 3-month maintenance period, significant improvement from baseline still occurred for all hair pulling severity and ER measures (Keuthen et al., 2011).”
From Dbt-enhanced cognitive-behavioral treatment for trichotillomania: A randomized controlled trial (2012) · cites this paper as Keuthen et al., 2011
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Twohig, M. P., Bluett, E. J., Morrison, K. L., & Woidneck, M. R. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118528563.wbcbt10 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Trichotillomanie in der Praxis
Jurgens, V., Sosic-Vasic, Z., & Vasic, N. (2013) · Nervenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1628536
“Die Wirksamkeit des dialektisch-behavioralen Behandlungsansatzes für Trichotillomanie konnte in einer randomisierten Untersuchung belegt werden (19, 20).”
BackgroundKeuthen, N., & Usmani, A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2605-3_9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for OC‐Spectrum Disorders
Morrison, K. L., Smith, B. M., Lee, E. B., & Twohig, M. P. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118890233.ch65
Neziroglu, F. A., & McKay, D. (2018) · Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.1177/1534650118782649
“Evidence-based psychosocial treatment for TM entails habit reversal and emotion regulation procedures (Keuthen et al., 2011), interventions that bear little similarity to ERP.”
Telepsychotherapy for the Treatment of Trichotillomania: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Lee, E. B. (2018) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.35306.21448
Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
Ramsey, K. A., Myers, N., Reagan, S., & McGuire, J. (2021) · Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00082-0
Tic disorders and trichotillomania
Miltenberger, R. G., Stiede, J. T., Woods, D. W., & Himle, M. B. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805469-7.00008-5
Obsessive‐Compulsive and Related Disorders
Neer, S. M., Gramlich, M. A., & Ragsdale, K. A. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394258970.ch10
McKay, D. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009086264.006
Feusner, J., Beatty, C. C., Murphy, C., McGrath, P. B., Farrell, N. R., Núñez, M., Lume, N., Mohideen, R., Trusky, L., Smith, S., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.03.10.25323675
“…was 14.64±2.50 weeks (7.71±2.61 sessions) for trichotillomania and 14.54±2.69 weeks (7.73±2.68 sessions) for excoriation, which aligns with typical HRT protocols, which have shown significant symptom reduction across treatment periods ranging from 8 weekly sessions to several months 33,36,64,65 .”
InfluentialHummelen, B., Brovold, F., Moen, E. M., Meland, K. J., Andersen, A., Johnsen, D. S., Dammen, T., Woods, D. W., & Grøtte, T. (2025) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100972
Cook, V., & Mason, J. (2026) · Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.1177/15346501261425244
“The fi ndings indicate that temporary tattoos can be used as a novel form of HRT, and when integrated with DBT skills may reduce NSSI.”
InfluentialThe Effectiveness of Behavioral Therapy versus Medicines When Treating Trichotillomania
Diaz, M. (2015) · UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal · doi:10.5070/m472027444
- Authors
- Keuthen, N. J., Rothbaum, B. O., Falkenstein, M. J., Meunier, S., Timpano, K. R., Jenike, M. A., & Welch, S. S.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Emory University (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Keuthen, Nancy J.
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2010-12-15
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 310-313
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2145361587
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- trichotillomania, dialectical behavior therapy, maintenance of treatment gains, emotion regulation, long-term follow-up, treatment response
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Combined Modality Therapy, Emotions, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Habits, Humans, Pilot Projects, Trichotillomania, Comorbidity, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Meditation
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