Intranasally administered insulin intended for prevention of type 1 diabetes—a safety study in healthy adults
Abstract
Background: Intranasally applied insulin is one of the antigen‐specific therapies currently tested in clinical type 1 diabetes prevention trials, for example, in the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study (DIPP). The possibility that the therapy may cause hypoglycaemia or local irritation and the poorly known immunological safety of mucosal application of the antigen in healthy subjects prompted this study. Methods: We used a randomised, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded crossover study design with 3‐week treatment periods to study the effects of once‐daily intranasal application of human short‐acting insulin without absorption‐enhancing adjuvants in 20 non‐diabetic adults. The selected 60 IU dose of insulin was equivalent to the weight‐based dose used for the DIPP children. We investigated self‐monitored blood glucose concentrations, nasal insulin effects and induction of diabetes‐associated autoantibodies. Results: The two treatment periods showed no differences in blood glucose concentrations or in the frequency of blood glucose values higher than 3.0 mmol/L. Of the eight measured hypoglycaemic values, only one, which occurred during placebo therapy, was associated with symptoms. Rhinoscopy revealed no nasal irritation, and mucociliary clearance, nasal airway patency and nasal airflow resistance were not affected by the insulin therapy. Eleven subjects complained of transient nasal stinging or unpleasant odour and one subject reduced the dose because of nasal irritation. The treatment did not induce production of any of the four diabetes‐associated autoantibodies. Conclusions: Short‐term use of intranasal insulin without absorption enhancers was predominantly well tolerated, the risk of hypoglycaemia was minimal and no objective nasal adverse effects were detected. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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The only symptomatic case of hypoglycaemia in long-term IN insulin studies was reported after administration of placebo spray.
“The only symptomatic case of hypoglycaemia in the long-term studies was reported after the administration of placebo spray.”
From Intranasal insulin (2021) · cites this paper as [53]
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- Authors
- Kupila, A., Sipilä, J., Keskinen, P., Simell, T., Knip, M., Pulkki, K., & Simell, O.
- Affiliations
- University of Turku (FI)
- Tampere University Hospital (FI)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Helsinki University Hospital (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Kupila, A.
- Venue
- Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-07-09
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 415-420
- ISSN
- 1520-7552 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-7560
- OpenAlex
- W2136927925
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- intranasal insulin, type 1 diabetes prevention, immunotherapy, hypoglycemia, nasal irritation, diabetes-associated autoantibodies, short-acting insulin, mucociliary clearance, nasal resistance
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Intranasal, Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Male, Placebos, Cross-Over Studies
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