Cited by 426Reading and Literacy DevelopmentLanguage Development and DisordersDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

From language to reading and dyslexia1

Snowling, Margaret J.·2001·Dyslexia

Abstract

This paper reviews evidence in support of the phonological deficit hypothesis of dyslexia. Findings from two experimental studies suggest that the phonological deficits of dyslexic children and adults cannot be explained in terms of impairments in low‐level auditory mechanisms, but reflect higher‐level language weaknesses. A study of individual differences in the pattern of reading skills in dyslexic children rejects the notion of ‘sub‐types’. Instead, the findings suggest that the variation seen in reading processes can be accounted for by differences in the severity of individual children's phonological deficits, modified by compensatory factors including visual memory, perceptual speed and print exposure. Children at genetic risk who go on to be dyslexic come to the task of reading with poorly specified phonological representations in the context of a more general delay in oral language development. Their prognosis (and that of their unaffected siblings) depends upon the balance of strengths and difficulties they show, with better language skills being a protective factor. Taken together, these findings suggest that current challenges to the phonological deficit theory can be met. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Crossref · 10.1002/dys.185

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Authors
Snowling, M. J.
Affiliations
University of York (GB)
Corresponding author
Snowling, Margaret J.
Venue
Dyslexia
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2001-01
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
37-46
ISSN
  • 1076-9242 (ISSN-L)
  • 1099-0909
OpenAlex
W2099249357
Cited by
426
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 18
FWCI
24.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Dyslexia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords
phonological deficit hypothesis, phonological representation, reading acquisition, individual differences in reading, dyslexia subtypes, compensatory factors, visual memory, perceptual speed, print exposure, genetic risk, oral language development
MeSH terms
Child, Dyslexia, Humans, Language Disorders, Phonetics, Reading, Speech Perception

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