Patients with complex regional pain syndrome overestimate applied force in observed hand actions
Abstract
Background: Movement accuracy is ensured by interaction between motor, somatosensory, and visual systems. In complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), this interaction is disturbed. To explore CRPS patients’ visual perception of actions, we investigated how these patients evaluate the applied force in observed hand actions of another person. Methods: Nineteen patients suffering from unilateral upper‐limb CRPS and 19 healthy control subjects viewed six different videos of left‐ and right‐hand actions. They were asked to evaluate the applied force in each hand action, as well as their subjective sensations of unpleasantness and pain during the observation. Results: The patients overestimated the force applied in the videos: the ratings were two times as large as in the control subjects for actions performed with the hand corresponding to the patients’ affected hand, and 1.5 times as large for actions corresponding to their healthy hand. The control subjects considered the stimuli neutral and painless, whereas the patients rated them unpleasant. Moreover, the patients felt increased pain during viewing actions performed with the hand corresponding to their affected side. The overestimation of force was related to the elicited unpleasantness and pain, but not to the patients’ muscle strength. Conclusions: We propose that the overestimation of force is explained both by the pain elicited by the observation and by the abnormal sensorimotor integration that is associated with perception of increased effort. This visually elicited unpleasantness and painfulness may promote avoidance of viewing own actions, further impairing the patients’ motor performance.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Action observation is known to be unpleasant and even painful for CRPS patients.
“We assessed this with action observation known to be unpleasant and even painful for the patients [16] and found these sensations to be milder after the intervention.”
From Symptom reduction and improved function in chronic CRPS type 1 after 12-week integrated, interdisciplinary therapy (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
Cites
Hudak, P. L., Amadio, P. C., Bombardier, C., Beaton, D., Cole, D. C., Davis, A. M., HAWKER, G. A., Katz, J. N., Mäkelä, M., Marx, R. G., et al. (1996) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199606)29:6 · Cited by 5,036 · see citing works
Proske, U., & Gandevia, S. C. (2012) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00048.2011 · Cited by 2,223 · see citing works
Harden, N. R., Bruehl, S., Perez, R. S. G. M., Birklein, F., Marinus, J., Maihofner, C., Lubenow, T., Buvanendran, A., Mackey, S., Graciosa, J., et al. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.04.030 · Cited by 1,324 · see citing works
Signs and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: prospective study of 829 patients
Veldman, P. H. J. M., Reynen, H., Arntz, I. E., & Goris, R. J. A. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)92877-v · Cited by 1,141 · see citing works
Adult Norms for the Nine Hole Peg Test of Finger Dexterity
Mathiowetz, V. G., Weber, K., Kashman, N., & Volland, G. (1985) · The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research · doi:10.1177/153944928500500102 · Cited by 973 · see citing works
Activation of human primary motor cortex during action observation: A neuromagnetic study
Hari, R., Forss, N., Avikainen, S., Kirveskari, E., Salenius, S., & Rizzolatti, G. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.25.15061 · Cited by 957 · see citing works
Self-citationThe neural network of motor imagery: An ALE meta-analysis
Hétu, S., Grégoire, M., Saimpont, A., Coll, M., Eugène, F., Michon, P., & Jackson, P. L. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.017 · Cited by 900 · see citing works
Sandroni, P., Benrud‐Larson, L. M., McClelland, R. L., & Low, P. A. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00065-4 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
Hunsaker, F. G., Cioffi, D. A., Amadio, P. C., Wright, J. G., & Caughlin, B. (2002) · The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume · doi:10.2106/00004623-200202000-00007 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
Mirror neurons and their clinical relevance
Rizzolatti, G., Fabbri‐Destro, M., & Cattaneo, L. (2009) · Nature Clinical Practice Neurology · doi:10.1038/ncpneuro0990 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Altered central sensorimotor processing in patients with complex regional pain syndrome
Juottonen, K., Gockel, M., Silén, T., Hurri, H., Hari, R., & Forss, N. (2002) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00119-7 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Self-citationBody perception disturbance: A contribution to pain in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
Lewis, J. S., Kersten, P., McCabe, C., McPherson, K. M., & Blake, D. R. (2007) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.03.013 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
The motor system shows adaptive changes in complex regional pain syndrome
Maihöfner, C., Baron, R., DeCol, R., Binder, A. K., Birklein, F., Deuschl, G., Handwerker, H. O., & Schattschneider, J. (2007) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awm131 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Pain and the body schema: Evidence for peripheral effects on mental representations of movement
Schwoebel, J. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.10.2098 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Why do people with complex regional pain syndrome take longer to recognize their affected hand?
Moseley, G. L. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000130156.05828.43 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Distorted body image in complex regional pain syndrome
Moseley, G. L. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000174515.07205.11 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Bilateral motor cortex disinhibition in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I of the hand
Schwenkreis, P., Janssen, F., Rommel, O., Pleger, B., Völker, B., Hosbach, I., Dertwinkel, R., Maier, C., & Tegenthoff, M. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.61.4.515 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Moseley, G. L., Zalucki, N., Birklein, F., Marinus, J., van Hilten, J. J., & Luomajoki, H. A. (2008) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/art.23580 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Galer, B. S., Butler, S. F., & Jensen, M. P. (1995) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/0885-3924(95)00061-3 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Frettlöh, J., Hüppe, M., & Maier, C. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.04.010 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Pietro, F. D., McAuley, J. H., Parkitny, L., Lotze, M., Wand, B. M., Moseley, G. L., & Stanton, T. R. (2013) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2013.04.001 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Experimental Forearm Immobilization in Humans Induces Cold and Mechanical Hyperalgesia
Terkelsen, A. J., Bach, F. W., & Jensen, T. S. (2008) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e31817f4c9d · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Wherever is my arm? Impaired upper limb position accuracy in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Lewis, J. S., Kersten, P., McPherson, K. M., Taylor, G. J., Harris, N. D., McCabe, C., & Blake, D. R. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.02.007 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Alaerts, K., Senot, P., Swinnen, S. P., Craighero, L., Wenderoth, N., & Fadiga, L. (2010) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07124.x · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Impaired Hand Size Estimation in CRPS
Peltz, E., Seifert, F. C., Lanz, S., Müller, R., & Maihöfner, C. (2011) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2011.05.001 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Reinersmann, A., Haarmeyer, G., Blankenburg, M. R., Frettlöh, J., Krumova, E. K., Ocklenburg, S., & Maier, C. (2010) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.09.062 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Pietro, F. D., McAuley, J. H., Parkitny, L., Lotze, M., Wand, B. M., Moseley, G. L., & Stanton, T. R. (2013) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2013.07.004 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Neglect-like symptoms in complex regional pain syndrome: Learned nonuse by another name?
Punt, D. T., Cooper, L., Hey, M., & Johnson, M. I. (2013) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2012.11.006 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Imagined movements cause pain and swelling in a patient with complex regional pain syndrome
Moseley, G. L. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000123019.13575.5e · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Force matching at the elbow joint is disturbed by muscle soreness
Weerakkody, N., Percival, P., Canny, B. J., Morgan, D. L., & Proske, U. (2003) · Somatosensory & Motor Research · doi:10.1080/0899022031000083816 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Mirror-like spread of chronic pain
Forss, N., Kirveskari, E., & Gockel, M. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000166027.81432.9b · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationPain and other symptoms of CRPS can be increased by ambiguous visual stimuli - An exploratory study
Hall, J. P., Harrison, S., Cohen, H., McCabe, C., Harris, N. D., & Blake, D. R. (2010) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.04.009 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
A body-part-specific impairment in the visual recognition of actions in chronic pain patients
de Lussanet, M. H. E., Behrendt, F., Puta, C., Weiß, T., Lappe, M., Schulte, T. L., & Wagner, H. (2012) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2012.04.002 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Bank, P. J. M., van Rooijen, D. E., Marinus, J., Reilmann, R., & van Hilten, J. J. (2014) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00446.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
McCabe, C., Shenker, N., Lewis, J., & Blake, D. R. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2005.01.003 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Impaired visual perception of hurtful actions in patients with chronic low back pain
de Lussanet, M. H. E., Behrendt, F., Puta, C., Schulte, T. L., Lappe, M., Weiß, T., & Wagner, H. (2013) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2013.05.002 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Integration of Sensory Force Feedback Is Disturbed in CRPS-Related Dystonia
Mugge, W., van der Helm, F. C. T., & Schouten, A. C. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060293 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Brun, C., Mercier, C., Grieve, S., Palmer, S., Bailey, J., & McCabe, C. (2018) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1322 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Individuals with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) report pain disproportionate to the original injury, perceive alterations in the size and shape of their painful limb (Moseley, 2008; Peltz, Seifert, Lanz, Müller, & Maihöfner, 2011) and overestimate the force exerted in observed hand actions (Hotta et al., 2015).”
BackgroundAbnormal Brain Responses to Action Observation in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Hotta, J., Saari, J., Koskinen, M., Hlushchuk, Y., Forss, N., & Hari, R. (2016) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2016.10.017 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Fig 3 shows these ratings (mean 6 standard error of the mean) and illustrates how the unpleasantness increased in order of observing STATIC, FIST, and SQUEEZE stimuli for the patients; all these patients’ data (except for 1 patient) were included in our earlier publication comprising altogether 19 CRPS type 1 patients…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationComplex regional pain syndrome: The matter of white matter?
Hotta, J., Zhou, G., Harno, H., Forss, N., & Hari, R. (2017) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.647 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“…9 ● ● ● ● p07 44.1 8.3 10 ● ● ● ◐ p08 50.4 2.1 9 ● ● ● ● p09 57.9 5.0 7 ● ● ◐ ○ p10 48.1 2.0 5 ● ● ● ◐ p11 35.9 3.3 8 ● ● ● ● p12 47.8 3.2 6 ● ● ● ◐ Some of these data have been presented in previous publications including the same patients (Hotta et al., 2015; Zhou et al., 2015) NRS- 11 = 11-…”
InfluentialSelf-citationElomaa, M., Hotta, J., de C Williams, A. C., Forss, N., Äyräpää, A., Kalso, E., & Harno, H. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2018-0098 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Part of the pre-intervention data of the video experiment has already been published elsewhere [16] with a more detailed description of the experimental protocol.”
MethodSelf-citationTrojan, J., Speck, V., Kleinböhl, D., Benrath, J., Flor, H., & Maihöfner, C. (2018) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1321 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“, 2010) and misjudge applied force when watching a hand grasp an object (Hotta et al., 2015).”
BackgroundHotta, J., Saari, J., Harno, H., Kalso, E. A., Forss, N., & Hari, R. (2023) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.26513 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Note : These data have been presented in studies published earlier on the same patient cohort (Hotta et al., 2015, 2016, 2017; Zhou et al., 2015).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationAberrant sensorimotor coupling and movement planning in complex regional pain syndrome
Floegel, M., Steinmetz, S., Dimova, V., Kell, C. A., & Birklein, F. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002805 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hotta, J., Harno, H., Nummenmaa, L., Kalso, E., Hari, R., & Forss, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- University of Turku (FI)
- Aalto University (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Hotta, J.
- Venue
- European Journal of Pain
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-03-02
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1372-1381
- ISSN
- 1090-3801 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-2149
- OpenAlex
- W1995328465
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Academy of Finland
- Strategic Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation in Health and Well-being
- European Research Council (232946)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- complex regional pain syndrome, sensorimotor integration, unpleasantness, motor performance
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Hand, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Visual Perception, Complex Regional Pain Syndromes, Young Adult, Pain Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
