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Production of mitogen‐contamination free alginates with variable ratios of mannuronic acid to guluronic acid by free flow electrophoresis
Abstract
Commercial alginates consisting of variable homopolymeric regions of β‐D‐mannuronic acid and α‐L‐guluronic acid, interspaced with regions of alternating blocks, are potent stimulators of macrophages and lymphocytes. Therefore, inflammatory reactions and fibrotic overgrowth of the beads result if Langerhans islets are encapsulated in raw alginate hydrogel beads (cross‐linked with divalent cations). The result is random failure of the islets some time after transplantation. Analysis of raw alginates by using free flow electrophoresis demonstrated that commercial alginates contained at least 10–20 fractions (characterized by different electrophoretic mobilities) which showed mitogenic activity. These fractions could be quantitatively separated from the alginic acids by free flow electrophoresis on a preparative scale. The purified alginates cross‐linked with Ca 2+ ions exhibited no mitogenic reactions as proved by an in vitro assay. In addition, examination of purified Ba 2+ alginate beads implanted intraperitoneally in rats or mice for three weeks showed no fibrotic overgrowth in contrast to implants made from unpurified alginate.
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Citations
Cited by
Polyionic hydrocolloids for the intestinal delivery of protein drugs: alginate and chitosan—a review
George, M., & Abraham, T. E. (2006) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.04.017 · Cited by 2,012
Technology of mammalian cell encapsulation
Uludag, H., De Vos, P., & Tresco, P. A. (2000) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0169-409x(00)00053-3 · Cited by 601
Injectable alginate hydrogels for cell delivery in tissue engineering
Bidarra, S. J., Barrias, C. C., & Granja, P. L. (2014) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.006 · Cited by 534
Polysaccharide matrices used in 3D in vitro cell culture systems
Diekjürgen, D., & Grainger, D. W. (2017) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.06.020 · Cited by 125
Alginate gel-based carriers for encapsulation of carotenoids: on challenges and applications
Milivojević, M., Popović, A., Pajić-Lijaković, I., Šoštarić, I., Kolašinac, S., & Stevanović, Z. D. (2023) · Gels · doi:10.3390/gels9080620 · Cited by 70
Metadata
- Authors
- Zimmermann, U., Klöck, G., Federlin, K., Hannig, K., Kowalski, M., Bretzel, R. G., Horcher, A., Entenmann, H., Sieber, U., & Zekorn, T.
- Venue
- ELECTROPHORESIS
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1992-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 269-274
- ISSN
- 0173-0835 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-2683
- OpenAlex
- W2041193295
- Cited by
- 202
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 7.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Production of mitogen‐contamination free alginates with variable ratios of mannuronic acid to guluronic acid by free flow electrophoresis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/elps.1150130156
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- Zimmermann, U., Klöck, G., Federlin, K., Hannig, K., Kowalski, M., Bretzel, R. G., Horcher, A., Entenmann, H., Sieber, U., & Zekorn, T. (1992). Production of mitogen‐contamination free alginates with variable ratios of mannuronic acid to guluronic acid by free flow electrophoresis. ELECTROPHORESIS. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150130156
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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