Analysis of glycans derived from glycoconjugates by capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry
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The high structural variation of glycan derived from glycoconjugates, which substantially increases with the molecular size of a protein, contributes to the complexity of glycosylation patterns commonly associated with glycoconjugates. In the case of glycoproteins, such variation originates from the multiple glycosylation sites of proteins and the number of glycan structures associated with each site (microheterogeneity). The ability to comprehensively characterize highly complex mixture of glycans has been analytically stimulating and challenging. Although the most powerful MS and MS/MS techniques are capable of providing a wealth of structural information, they are still not able to readily identify isomeric glycan structures without high‐order MS/MS (MS n). The analysis of isomeric glycan structures has been attained using several separation methods, including high‐pH anion‐exchange chromatography, hydrophilic interaction chromatography and GC. However, CE and microfluidics CE (MCE) offer high separation efficiency and resolutions, allowing the separation of closely related glycan structures. Therefore, interfacing CE and MCE to MS is a powerful analytical approach, allowing potentially comprehensive and sensitive analysis of complex glycan samples. This review describes and discusses the utility of different CE and MCE approaches in the structural characterization of glycoproteins and the feasibility of interfacing these approaches to MS.
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Glycosylation is an important and common PTM, but its detailed characterization is challenging because of heterogeneity in localization and forms.
“Glycosylation is an important and common PTM in biological systems, but its detailed characterization is challenging because of its heterogeneity in localization and forms76–79.”
From Recent trends of capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry in proteomics research (2019) · cites this paper as [79]
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- Authors
- Mechref, Y.
- Affiliations
- Texas Tech University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mechref, Yehia
- ORCID
- Mechref, Yehia
- Venue
- ELECTROPHORESIS
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 3467-3481
- ISSN
- 0173-0835 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-2683
- PMC
- PMC3360420
- OpenAlex
- W1984755071
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Electrophoresis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM093322)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications
- Keywords
- glycan analysis, glycoconjugates, glycoproteins, capillary electrophoresis, microfluidic capillary electrophoresis, glycan structural characterization, glycosylation heterogeneity, glycan microheterogeneity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Glycoproteins, Humans, Polysaccharides, Mass Spectrometry, Electrophoresis, Capillary, Electrophoresis, Microchip
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