Thermal management of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles: Thermal management of Li-ion battery packs
Open accessAbstract
Thermal issues associated with electric vehicle battery packs can significantly affect performance and life cycle. Fundamental heat transfer principles and performance characteristics of commercial lithium-ion battery are used to predict the temperature distributions in a typical battery pack under a range of discharge conditions. Various cooling strategies are implemented to examine the relationship between battery thermal behavior and design parameters. By studying the effect of cooling conditions and pack configuration on battery temperature, information is obtained as to how to maintain operating temperature by designing proper battery configuration and choosing proper cooling systems. It was found that a cooling strategy based on distributed forced convection is an efficient, cost-effective method which can provide uniform temperature and voltage distributions within the battery pack at various discharge rates. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
High temperature can accelerate the migration speed of lithium ions.
“High temperature can accelerate the migration speed of lithium ions [9].”
From The Influence of Temperature on the Capacity of Lithium Ion Batteries with Different Anodes (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
Section 3.1 (page not available in our copy) says higher temperatures generally increase electrochemical reaction rates and lower internal resistance. That supports faster battery processes broadly, but the paper does not specifically say that lithium ions migrate faster. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 18
- Campanari S, Manzolini G, de la Iglesia FG. Energy analysis of electric vehicles using batteries or fuel cells through well-to-wheel driving cycle simulations. Journal of Power Sources 2009; 186:464-477.
- Pesaran AA, Market T, Tataria H, Howell D. Battery Requirements for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Analysis and Rationale. Presented at the 23rd Int. Electric Vehicle, Symposium and Exposition (EVS-23), Anaheim, California, December 2007.
- Chen Y, Evans JW. Thermal analysis of lithium polymer electrolyte batteries by a two dimensional model -Thermal behaviour and design optimization. Electrochimica Acta 1994; 39:517-526.
- Al Hallaj S, Prakash J, Selman JR. Characterization of commercial Li-ion batteries using electrochemical calorimetric measurements. Journal of Power Sources 2000; 87:186-194.
- Maleki A, Shamsuri AK. Thermal analysis and modeling of a notebook computer battery. Journal of Power Sources 2003; 115:131-136.
- Mills A, Al-Hallaj S. Simulation of passive thermal management system for lithium-ion battery packs. Journal of Power Sources 2005; 141:307-315.
- Kizilel R, Lateef A, Sabbaha R, Farid MM, Selman JR, Al-Hallaj S. Passive control of temperature excursion and uniformity in high-energy Li-ion battery packs at high current and ambient temperature. Journal of Power Sources 2008; 183:370-375.
- Sabbah R, Kizilel R, Selman JR, Al-Hallaj S. Active (air-cooled) vs. passive (phase change material) thermal management of high power lithium-ion packs: Limitation of temperature rise and uniformity of temperature distribution. Journal of Power Sources 2008; 182:630-638.
- Kizilel R, Sabbah R, Selman JR, Al-Hallaj S. An alternative cooling system to enhance the safety of Li-ion battery packs. Journal of Power Sources 2009; 194:1105-1112.
- Inui Y, Kobayashi Y, Watanabe Y, Watase Y, Kitamura Y. Simulation of temperature distribution in cylindrical and prismatic lithium ion secondary batteries. Energy Conversion and Management 2007; 48:2103-2109.
- Fang W, Kwon OJ, Wang CY. Electrochemical thermal modeling of automotive Li-ion batteries and experimental validation using a three-electrode cell. International Journal of Energy Research 2010; 34:107-115.
- Duan X, Naterer GF. Heat transfer in phase change materials for thermal management of electric vehicle battery modules. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2010; 53:5176-5182.
- Forgez C, Do DV, Friedrich G, Morcrette M, Delacourt C. Thermal modeling of a cylindrical LiFePO4/graphite lithium-ion battery. Journal of Power Sources 2010; 195:2961-2968.
- Smith K, Kim GH, Darcy E, Pesaran A. Thermal/ electrical modeling for abuse-tolerant design of lithium ion modules. International Journal of Energy Research Special Issue: Electrical Energy Storage for Future Transportation and Renewable Energy. 2010; 34(2): 204-215.
- Wakihara M. Recent developments in lithium ion batteries. Material Science and Engineering 2001; 33:109-134.
- Incropera FP, Dewitt DP, Bergman TL, Lavine AS. Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer (6th edn). John Wiley & Sons: New York, NY, 2007.
- Pesaran AA, Vlahinos A, Burch SD. Thermal performance of EV and HEV battery modules and packs. Proceedings of the 14th Int. Electric Vehicle Symposium, Orlando, Florida, 15-17 December, 1997; 15-17.
- Cheng L, Ke C, Fengchun S, Peng T. Research on thermo-physical properties identification and thermal analysis of EV Li-ion battery. Vehicle power and propulsion conference, 2009, VPPC' 09, IEEE, Dearborn, MI, 7-10 Sep. 2009; 1643-1648.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A Review on Electric Vehicles: Technologies and Challenges
Sanguesa, J. A., Torres-Sanz, V., Garrido, P., Martinez, F. J., & Marquez-Barja, J. M. (2021) · Smart Cities · doi:10.3390/smartcities4010022 · Cited by 1,367 · see citing works
The Influence of Temperature on the Capacity of Lithium Ion Batteries with Different Anodes
Lv, S., Wang, X., Lu, W., Zhang, J., & Ni, H. (2021) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15010060 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“High temperature can accelerate the migration speed of lithium ions [9].”
BackgroundInnovative-serpentine cooling method of batteries: Both thermal and statistical method approach
Yetik, O. (2025) · International Journal of Thermal Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109437 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Karimi, G., & Li, X.
- Affiliations
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Li, X.
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Energy Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-01-23
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-24
- ISSN
- 0363-907X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1596076776
- Cited by
- 411
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 25.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Energy Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Advanced Battery Technologies Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies
- Keywords
- lithium-ion batteries, battery thermal management, electric vehicle battery packs, forced convection cooling, battery pack configuration, temperature distribution, discharge rate, heat transfer, battery life cycle
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review