Exploring the ways in which COVID‐19 and lockdown has affected the lives of adult patients with anorexia nervosa and their carers
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OBJECTIVE: This qualitative study explores the ways in which the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated lockdown measures have affected the lives of adult patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and their carers. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients with AN (n = 21) and carers (n = 28) from the start of UK Government imposed lockdown. Data related directly to the impact of lockdown and COVID-19 were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Four broad themes were identified for patients and carers separately. Patients experienced: 1. reduced access to eating disorder (ED) services; 2. disruption to routine and activities in the community; 3. heightened psychological distress and ED symptoms; 4. increased attempts at self-management in recovery. Carer themes included: 1. concern over provision of professional support for patients; 2. increased practical demands placed on carers in lockdown; 3. managing new challenges around patient wellbeing; 4. new opportunities. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced access to ED services, loss of routine and heightened anxieties and ED symptoms resulting from COVID-19 and lockdown measures presented challenges for patients and carers. Increased remote support by ED services enabled the continuation of treatment and self-management resources and strategies promoted self-efficacy in both groups.
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As a consequence of intense media reports on COVID-19, levels of anxiety increased, with an exacerbation of fear of contamination and washing compulsions.
“As a consequence of the intense media reports on COVID-19 (the so-called “infodemic”), the levels of anxiety increased, with an exacerbation of the fear of contamination and washing compulsions (Clark Bryan et al., 2020).”
From Eating Disorders Spectrum During the COVID Pandemic: A Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Clark Bryan et al., 2020
The introduction of lockdown measures and social isolation was associated with negative mental health outcomes, sense of loneliness, tendency to become more focused on food, rumination over food intake, disordered eating behaviors such as restrictions or binge eating, and compulsive physical exercise.
“The introduction of lockdown measures and social isolation was associated with negative mental health outcomes, sense of loneliness, the tendency to become more focused on food, rumination over food intake, disordered eating behaviors, such as restrictions or binge eating, and compulsive physical exercise (Branley-Bell and Talbot, 2020; Brown et al., 2020; Clark Bryan et al., 2020).”
From Eating Disorders Spectrum During the COVID Pandemic: A Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Clark Bryan et al., 2020
Patients experienced reduced motivation for recovery.
“and experienced reduced motivation for recovery (Branley-Bell and Talbot, 2020; Clark Bryan et al., 2020).”
From Eating Disorders Spectrum During the COVID Pandemic: A Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Clark Bryan et al., 2020
Patients with eating disorders complained about discrepancies in service provision, premature discharge, and suspension of treatments that increased anxiety and feelings of being abandoned.
“These studies highlighted the role of the accessibility to professional support as a crucial determinant of mental well-being: patients complained about discrepancies in service provision, premature discharge, and suspension of treatments that increased anxiety, and feelings of being abandoned (Branley-Bell and Talbot, 2020; Brown et al., 2020; Clark Bryan et al., 2020).”
From Eating Disorders Spectrum During the COVID Pandemic: A Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Clark Bryan et al., 2020
Accessibility to professional support is a crucial determinant of mental well-being for patients with eating disorders during the pandemic.
“These studies highlighted the role of the accessibility to professional support as a crucial determinant of mental well-being: patients complained about discrepancies in service provision, premature discharge, and suspension of treatments that increased anxiety, and feelings of being abandoned (Branley-Bell and Talbot, 2020; Brown et al., 2020; Clark Bryan et al., 2020).”
From Eating Disorders Spectrum During the COVID Pandemic: A Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Clark Bryan et al., 2020
Patients with eating disorders experienced worsening preoccupation with weight and body shape during the pandemic due to difficulties in continuing compensatory behaviors, including compulsive physical exercise.
“Patients with EDs experienced during pandemic the worsening of their preoccupation with weight and body shape, due to the difficulties in continuing their compensatory behaviors, including compulsive physical exercise (Castellini et al., 2020; Clark Bryan et al., 2020; Phillipou et al., 2020; Richardson et al., 2020; Schlegl et al., 2020a,b).”
From Eating Disorders Spectrum During the COVID Pandemic: A Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Clark Bryan et al., 2020
Restrictions or difficulties in healthcare access was relevant in the three studies reviewed.
“This factor was relevant in the three studies (Brown et al., 2020; Clark Bryan et al., 2020; Termorshuizen et al., 2020).”
From Eating Disorders Spectrum During the COVID Pandemic: A Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Clark Bryan et al., 2020
The mean age of the studies found ranged from 19 to 54 years.
“Thus, the mean age of the studies we found ranged from 19 (Scharmer et al., 2020) to 54 years (Clark Bryan et al., 2020).”
From Eating Disorders Spectrum During the COVID Pandemic: A Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Clark Bryan et al., 2020
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- Authors
- Clark Bryan, D., Macdonald, P., Ambwani, S., Cardi, V., Rowlands, K., Willmott, D., & Treasure, J.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders King's College London London UK
- King's College London (GB)
- Dickinson College (US)
- University of Padua (IT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Eating Disorders Review
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-07-09
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 826-835
- ISSN
- 1072-4133 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-0968
- PMC
- PMC7362064
- OpenAlex
- W3041334734
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 7.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- European Eating Disorders Review (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
- Dipartimenti di Eccellenza (DM 11/05/2017, DM 11/05/2017 n. 262, Dipartimenti di Eccellenza DM 11/05/2017 n. 262)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (14/68/09)
- King's College London
- Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (DM 11/05/2017 n.262, DM 11/05/2017 n, Dipartimenti di Eccellenza DM 11/05/2017 n.262, DM 11/05/2017)
- Health Technology Assessment Programme (14/68/09)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- anorexia nervosa, COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown, adult patients, caregivers, eating disorder services, health care access, psychological distress, self-management, remote support, self-efficacy, routine disruption
- MeSH terms
- Self-Management, COVID-19, Adult, Anorexia Nervosa, Anxiety, Female, United Kingdom, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Quarantine, Caregivers, Qualitative Research, Young Adult, Pandemics
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