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Cited by 314

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

River channel and bar patterns explained and predicted by an empirical and a physics‐based method

Kleinhans, Maarten G., van den Berg, Jan H.·2011·Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
DOI 10.1002/esp.2090
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Abstract

Our objective is to understand general causes of different river channel patterns. In this paper we compare an empirical stream power‐based classification and a physics‐based bar pattern predictor. We present a careful selection of data from the literature that contains rivers with discharge and median bed particle size ranging over several orders of magnitude with various channel patterns and bar types, but no obvious eroding or aggrading tendency. Empirically a continuum is found for increasing specific stream power, here calculated with pattern‐independent variables: mean annual flood, valley gradient and channel width predicted with a hydraulic geometry relation. ‘Thresholds’, above which certain patterns emerge, were identified as a function of bed sediment size. Bar theory predicts nature and presence of bars and bar mode, here converted to active braiding index (B i). The most important variables are actual width–depth ratio and nonlinearity of bed sediment transport. Results agree reasonably well with data. Empirical predictions are somewhat better than bar theory predictions, because the bank strength is indirectly included in the empirical prediction. In combination, empirical and theoretical prediction provide partial explanations for bar and channel patterns. Increasing potential‐specific stream power implies more energy to erode banks and indeed correlates to channels with high width–depth ratio. Bar theory predicts that such rivers develop more bars across the width (higher B i). At the transition from meandering to braiding, weakly braided rivers and meandering rivers with chutes are found. Rivers with extremely low stream power and width–depth ratios hardly develop bars or dynamic meandering and may be straight or sinuous or, in case of disequilibrium sediment feed, anastomosing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Metadata

Authors
Kleinhans, M. G., & van den Berg, J. H.
Venue
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2010-10-07
Volume
36
Issue
6
Pages
721-738
ISSN
  • 0197-9337 (ISSN-L)
  • 1096-9837
DOI
10.1002/esp.2090
OpenAlex
W2000657544
Cited by
314
References
38
FWCI
10.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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