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Substances with estrogenic activity in effluents of sewage treatment plants in southwestern Germany. 1. Chemical analysis
Abstract
A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of natural and synthetic estrogens (17β-estradiol, estrone, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and mestranol), phytoestrogens (genistein and β-sitosterol), and xenoestrogens (benzyl butyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol [NP], 4-nonylphenoxyacetic acid [NP1EC], 4-nonyl-phenol diethoxylate [NP2EO], and α-endosulfan) in effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) was developed. Identification and quantification were carried out with the standard addition method using analyte-specific and, in some cases, deuterium-labeled internal standards. The effluents of 18 STPs were investigated. Apart from α-endosulfan and mestranol, all selected substances were detected in the majority of samples. The median concentrations of steroidal estrogens were between 0.4 ng/L (17α-ethiny-lestradiol) and 1.6 ng/L (17β-estradiol). The metabolites of the nonylphenol polyethoxylates, NP, NP1EC, and NP2EO were found in concentrations ranging from the upper-ng/L-range (NP) to the lower-μg/L range (NP1EC). For all substances except mestranol and α-endosulfan, median values were calculated and compared to the results of other investigations in Europe and the United States. Possible dependencies of measured concentrations on the geographical location, the capacity, the influent composition, and the technical fitting of the STPs are discussed.
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Citations
Cited by
Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues
Richardson, S. D., & Ternes, T. A. (2014) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac500508t · Cited by 2,144
Determination of Estrogens in Sludge and Sediments by Liquid Extraction and GC/MS/MS
Ternes, T. A., Andersen, H., Gilberg, D., & Bonerz, M. (2002) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac015717z · Cited by 391
Örn, S., Holbech, H., Madsen, T. H., Norrgren, L., & Petersen, G. I. (2003) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0166-445x(03)00177-2 · Cited by 300
Removal of pharmaceutical compounds in water and wastewater using fungal oxidoreductase enzymes
Naghdi, M., Taheran, M., Brar, S. K., Kermanshahi-pour, A., Verma, M., & Surampalli, R. Y. (2018) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.060 · Cited by 275
The occurrence, causes, and consequences of estrogens in the aquatic environment
Sumpter, J. P., & Jobling, S. (2013) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.2084 · Cited by 108
Metadata
- Authors
- Spengler, P., Körner, W., & Metzger, J. W.
- Venue
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2001-10-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2133-2141
- ISSN
- 0730-7268 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8618
- OpenAlex
- W2126289236
- Cited by
- 308
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 16.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Spengler, P., Körner, W., & Metzger, J. W. (2001). Substances with estrogenic activity in effluents of sewage treatment plants in southwestern Germany. 1. Chemical analysis. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620201001
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