The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dietary intake of creatine and risk of medical conditions in U.S. older men and women: Data from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Abstract
We examined dietary intake of creatine in U.S. men and women aged 65 years and over, and evaluated the association between creatine intake and risk of self‐reported medical conditions, and physical functioning/disability variables using data from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The NHANES 2017–2018 target population included the noninstitutionalized civilian resident population of the United States aged 65 years and over. Detailed dietary intake data from NHANES elderly were obtained by dietary interview component through a 24‐h dietary recall interview, with estimated individual values for total grams of creatine consumed per day for each respondent. A threshold for dietary intake of creatine used to calculate risk between creatine intake and medical conditions was set at 1.00 g/day. The sample population included 1500 participants aged 65 years and older, of which 1221 individuals (627 men and 594 women) provided detailed dietary data via a dietary interview. Creatine intake across all participants was 0.76 ± 0.79 g/day (95% CI from 0.72 to 0.81). As much as 70% of U.S. elderly consume <1.00 g of creatine per day, with about 1 in 5 individuals (19.8%) consume no creatine at all. Elderly with the suboptimal intake of creatine were found to have 2.62 times higher risk of angina pectoris (adjusted OR = 2.62, 95% CI from 1.14 to 6.01, p = .023) and 2.59 times higher risk of liver conditions (adjusted OR = 2.59, 95% CI from 1.23 to 5.48, p = .013), compared with older counterparts who consume ≥1.00 g of creatine per day after controlling for demographic and nutritional variables. The considerable shortage of dietary creatine is associated with an increased risk of heart and liver conditions, which calls for public measures that foster diets rich in creatine‐containing foods, and additional research to investigate the role of creatine in age‐related diseases.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“and low dietary creatine intake was associated with a greater risk of angina pectoris and liver conditions compared to those consuming ≥1.0 grams/day of dietary creatine [25].”
From Creatine monohydrate supplementation for older adults and clinical populations (2025) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, analysis of dietary creatine intake among 1,500 adults ≥65 years revealed that 70% of this cohort consumed less than the recommended amounts of creatine in their diet ( <0.95 grams per day)”
From Creatine monohydrate supplementation for older adults and clinical populations (2025) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“suboptimal dietary creatine intake ( <1 grams/day) was linked to a 2.62-fold higher risk of angina pectoris and a 2.59-fold higher risk of liver conditions, even after adjusting for demographic and nutritional variables [25]”
From Creatine monohydrate supplementation for older adults and clinical populations (2025) · cites this paper as [25]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases for 10 Causes, 1990 to 2015
Roth, G. A., Johnson, C., Abajobir, A., Abd-Allah, F., Abera, S. F., Abyu, G., Ahmed, M., Aksut, B., Alam, T., Alam, K., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.052 · Cited by 3,791
Bauer, J., Biolo, G., Cederholm, T., Cesari, M., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Morley, J. E., Phillips, S., Sieber, C., Stehle, P., Teta, D., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.021 · Cited by 2,553 · cited 1×
“Among other types of malnutrition, older adults (defined as age >65 years) often ingest less than recommended daily allowances for protein and proteinogenic amino acids (Bauer et al., 2013).”
BackgroundAntonio, J., Candow, D. G., Forbes, S. C., Gualano, B., Jagim, A. R., Kreider, R. B., Rawson, E. S., Smith-Ryan, A. E., VanDusseldorp, T. A., Willoughby, D. S., et al. (2021) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00412-w · Cited by 345
Creatine supplementation in the aging population: effects on skeletal muscle, bone and brain
Gualano, B., Rawson, E. S., Candow, D. G., & Chilibeck, P. D. (2016) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-016-2239-7 · Cited by 133
Dietary creatine intake and depression risk among U.S. adults
Bakian, A. V., Huber, R. S., Scholl, L., Renshaw, P. F., & Kondo, D. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0741-x · Cited by 90
Balestrino, M., & Adriano, E. (2019) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.21590 · Cited by 90
Muscular Atrophy and Sarcopenia in the Elderly: Is There a Role for Creatine Supplementation?
Dolan, E., Artioli, G. G., Pereira, R. M. R., & Gualano, B. (2019) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom9110642 · Cited by 72
Watt, K. K. O., Garnham, A. P., & Snow, R. J. (2004) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.14.5.517 · Cited by 58
Effect of Creatine Supplementation Dosing Strategies on Aging Muscle Performance
Chami, J., & Candow, D. G. (2019) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-018-1148-8 · Cited by 27
Research works printed but not linked: 28
- 10.3945/an.115.009258 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2174/1389557515666150722102613 · DOI
- 10.1017/S000711451800017X · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/s00726‐011‐0853‐y · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/s00726‐016‐2188‐1 · DOI · Paper page
- CDC/National Center for Health Statistics, 2020, NHANES 2017‐2018 questionnaire instruments
- Chen T. C., 2020, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015−2018: Sample design and estimation procedures. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital and Health Statistics, 2, 1
- 10.1017/S0029665118002628 · DOI
- 10.3748/wjg.v16.i13.1577 · DOI
- 10.1007/s10522‐018‐9770‐8 · DOI
- 10.1093/clinchem/35.8.1802 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/s00726‐016‐2183‐6 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1080/19390211.2021.1877232 · DOI
- 10.1007/s00726‐011‐0854‐x · DOI
- 10.1136/pgmj.2005.037564 · DOI · Paper page
- Institute of Medicine, 2006, Dietary reference intakes: The essential guide to nutrient requirements
- 10.1093/icvts/ivw171 · DOI
- Miller D., 2013, Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine
- National Center for Health Statistics, 2020, NHANES 2017‐2018
- 10.1017/S1368980017004190 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/j.cger.2020.08.010 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.030 · DOI
- Rose G. A., 1962, The diagnosis of ischaemic heart pain and intermittent claudication in field surveys, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 27, 645
- Scheau C., 2012, Magnetic resonance spectroscopy–a non‐invasive method in evaluating focal and diffuse central nervous system disease, Journal of Medicine and Life, 5, 423
- 10.1080/16546628.2017.1308111 · DOI
- 10.1016/B978‐0‐444‐59565‐2.00053‐8 · DOI
- 10.1007/s00726‐011‐0877‐3 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1107 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Creatine monohydrate supplementation for older adults and clinical populations
Candow, D. G., Ostojic, S. M., Chilibeck, P. D., Longobardi, I., Gualano, B., Tarnopolsky, M. A., Wallimann, T., Moriarty, T., Kreider, R. B., Forbes, S. C., et al. (2025) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2025.2534130 · Cited by 43
Kreider, R. B., Gonzalez, D. E., Hines, K., Gil, A., & Bonilla, D. A. (2025) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2025.2488937 · Cited by 29
Metadata
- Authors
- Ostojic, S. M., Korovljev, D., & Stajer, V.
- Affiliations
- FSPE Applied Bioenergetics Lab University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
- ORCID
- Ostojic, Sergej M.
- Venue
- Food Science & Nutrition
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-08-25
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 5746-5754
- ISSN
- 2048-7177
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 9
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
