The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Creatine supplementation as a possible new therapeutic approach for fatty liver disease: early findings
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“high creatine intake decreases the formation of SAMe, which reduces hepatic production of homocysteine, leading to a decreased synthesis and accrual of triglycerides and fat in the liver [154].”
From Creatine monohydrate supplementation for older adults and clinical populations (2025) · cites this paper as [154]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Creatine and Creatinine Metabolism
Wyss, M., & Kaddurah-Daouk, R. (2000) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1107 · Cited by 2,950
PPARγ signaling and metabolism: the good, the bad and the future
Ahmadian, M., Suh, J. M., Hah, N., Liddle, C., Atkins, A. R., Downes, M., & Evans, R. M. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3159 · Cited by 2,016
Elevation of creatine in resting and exercised muscle of normal subjects by creatine supplementation
Harris, R. C., Söderlund, K., & Hultman, E. (1992) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0830367 · Cited by 1,168 · cited 1×
“Creatine (Cr) is one of the most popular supplements proposed as an ergogenic aid since Harris et al. (1992) demonstrated Cr supplementation increases muscle Cr and phosphocreatine (PCr) content.”
BackgroundCreatine: Endogenous Metabolite, Dietary, and Therapeutic Supplement
Brosnan, J. T., & Brosnan, M. E. (2007) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093621 · Cited by 347
Self-citationIs it time to reevaluate methyl balance in humans?
Stead, L. M., Brosnan, J. T., Brosnan, M. E., Vance, D. E., & Jacobs, R. L. (2006) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/83.1.5 · Cited by 278
Self-citationEarnest, C. P., Almada, A. L., & Mitchell, T. L. (1996) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0910113 · Cited by 88
Creatine-induced glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: a role for AMPK-α?
Alves, C. R. R., Ferreira, J. C., de Siqueira-Filho, M. A., Carvalho, C. R., Lancha, A. H., & Gualano, B. (2012) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-012-1246-6 · Cited by 43
Research works printed but not linked: 60
- Abdelmegeed MA, Yoo SH, Henderson LE, Gonzalez FJ, Woodcroft KJ, Song BJ (2011) PPARα expression protects male mice from high fat-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver. J Nutr 141(4):603–610. doi: 10.3945/jn.110.135210 · DOI
- Al Rajabi A, Castro GS, da Silva RP, Nelson RC, Thiesen A, Vannucchi H, Vine DF, Proctor SD, Field CJ, Curtis JM, Jacobs RL (2014) Choline supplementation protects against liver damage by normalizing cholesterol metabolism in Pemt/Ldlr knockout mice fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr 144(3):252–257. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.185389 · DOI
- Bessman SP, Carpenter CL (1985) The creatine-creatine phosphate energy shuttle. Annu Rev Biochem 54:831–862. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.004151 · DOI · Paper page
- Brosnan JT, da Silva RP, Brosnan ME (2011) The metabolic burden of creatine synthesis. Amino Acids 40(5):1325–1331. doi: 10.1007/s00726-011-0853-y · DOI · Paper page
- Caballero F, Fernandez A, Matias N, Martinez L, Fucho R, Elena M, Caballeria J, Morales A, Fernandez-Checa JC, Garcia-Ruiz C (2010) Specific contribution of methionine and choline in nutritional nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: impact on mitochondrial S-adenosyl-l-methionine and glutathione. J Biol Chem 285(24):18528–18536. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.099333 · DOI · Paper page
- Ceddia RB, Sweeney G (2004) Creatine supplementation increases glucose oxidation and AMPK phosphorylation and reduces lactate production in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells. J Physiol 555:409–421. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.056291 · DOI
- Choe CU, Nabuurs C, Stockebrand MC, Neu A, Nunes P, Morellini F, Sauter K, Schillemeit S, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, Marescau B, Heerschap A, Isbrandt D (2013) L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency protects from metabolic syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 22(1):110–123. doi: 10.1093/hmg/dds407 · DOI
- da Silva RP, Nissim I, Brosnan ME, Brosnan JT (2009) Creatine synthesis: hepatic metabolism of guanidinoacetate and creatine in the rat in vitro and in vivo. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 296(2):E256–E261. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.90547.2008 · DOI
- da Silva RP, Kelly KB, Leonard KA, Jacobs RL (2014) Creatine reduces hepatic TG accumulation in hepatocytes by stimulating fatty acid oxidation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1841 11:1639–1646. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.001 · DOI · Paper page
- Day CP, James OF (1998) Steatohepatitis: a tale of two “hits”? Gastroenterology 114(4):842–845 · DOI · Paper page
- Deminice R, Portari GV, Vannucchi H, Jordao AA (2009) Effects of creatine supplementation on homocysteine levels and lipid peroxidation in rats. Br J Nutr 102(1):110–116. doi: 10.1017/S0007114508162985 · DOI
- Deminice R, da Silva RP, Lamarre SG, Brown C, Furey GN, McCarter SA, Jordao AA, Kelly KB, King-Jones K, Jacobs RL, Brosnan ME, Brosnan JT (2011) Creatine supplementation prevents the accumulation of fat in the livers of rats fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr 141(10):1799–1804. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.144857 · DOI · Paper page
- Deminice R, da Silva RP, Lamarre SG, Kelly KB, Jacobs RL, Brosnan ME, Brosnan JT (2015a) Betaine supplementation prevents fatty liver induced by a high-fat diet: effects on one-carbon metabolism. Amino Acids 47(4):839–846. doi: 10.1007/s00726-014-1913-x · DOI
- Deminice R, de Castro GS, Francisco LV, da Silva LE, Cardoso JF, Frajacomo FT, Teodoro BG, Dos Reis Silveira L, Jordao AA (2015b) Creatine supplementation prevents fatty liver in rats fed choline-deficient diet: a burden of one-carbon and fatty acid metabolism. J Nutr Biochem 26(4):391–397. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.11.014 · DOI · Paper page
- Donnelly KL, Smith CI, Schwarzenberg SJ, Jessurun J, Boldt MD, Parks EJ (2005) Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via lipoproteins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Clin Investig 115(5):1343–1351. doi: 10.1172/JCI23621 · DOI · Paper page
- Edison EE, Brosnan ME, Meyer C, Brosnan JT (2007) Creatine synthesis: production of guanidinoacetate by the rat and human kidney in vivo. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 293(6):F1799–F1804. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00356.2007 · DOI
- Gao Q, Jia Y, Yang G, Zhang X, Boddu PC, Petersen B, Narsingam S, Zhu YJ, Thimmapaya B, Kanwar YS, Reddy JK (2015) PPARα-deficient ob/ob obese mice become more obese and manifest severe hepatic steatosis due to decreased fatty acid oxidation. Am J Pathol 185(5):1396–1408. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.01.018 · DOI
- Garcia-Ruiz C, Baulies A, Mari M, Garcia-Roves PM, Fernandez-Checa JC (2013) Mitochondrial dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance: cause or consequence? Free Radical Res 47(11):854–868. doi: 10.3109/10715762.2013.830717 · DOI
- Gavrilova O, Haluzik M, Matsusue K, Cutson JJ, Johnson L, Dietz KR, Nicol CJ, Vinson C, Gonzalez FJ, Reitman ML (2003) Liver peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma contributes to hepatic steatosis, triglyceride clearance, and regulation of body fat mass. J Biol Chem 278(36):34268–34276. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M300043200 · DOI · Paper page
- Gawrieh S, Chalasani N (2015) Pharmacotherapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Semin Liver Dis 35(3):338–348. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1562951 · DOI
- Ghoshal AK, Ahluwalia M, Farber E (1983) The rapid induction of liver cell death in rats fed a choline-deficient methionine-low diet. Am J Pathol 113(3):309–314
- Gualano B, Artioli GG, Poortmans JR, Lancha Junior AH (2010) Exploring the therapeutic role of creatine supplementation. Amino Acids 38(1):31–44. doi: 10.1007/s00726-009-0263-6 · DOI · Paper page
- Gualano B, Pinto AL, Perondi MB, Roschel H, Sallum AM, Hayashi AP, Solis MY, Silva CA (2011) Therapeutic effects of exercise training in patients with pediatric rheumatic diseases. Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia 51(5):490–496 · DOI
- Hardy T, Anstee QM, Day CP (2015) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: new treatments. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 31(3):175–183. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000175 · DOI
- Jacobs RL, Lingrell S, Zhao Y, Francis GA, Vance DE (2008) Hepatic CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase-alpha is a critical predictor of plasma high density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein. J Biol Chem 283(4):2147–2155. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M706628200 · DOI · Paper page
- Jacobs RL, Zhao Y, Koonen DP, Sletten T, Su B, Lingrell S, Cao G, Peake DA, Kuo MS, Proctor SD, Kennedy BP, Dyck JR, Vance DE (2010) Impaired de novo choline synthesis explains why phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-deficient mice are protected from diet-induced obesity. J Biol Chem 285(29):22403–22413. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.108514 · DOI
- Jay MA, Ren J (2007) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Diabet Rev 3(1):33–39 · DOI
- Johnson NA, George J (2010) Fitness versus fatness: moving beyond weight loss in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 52(1):370–381. doi: 10.1002/hep.23711 · DOI
- Kawano Y, Cohen DE (2013) Mechanisms of hepatic triglyceride accumulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol 48(4):434–441. doi: 10.1007/s00535-013-0758-5 · DOI · Paper page
- Kazak L, Chouchani ET, Jedrychowski MP, Erickson BK, Shinoda K, Cohen P, Vetrivelan R, Lu GZ, Laznik-Bogoslavski D, Hasenfuss SC, Kajimura S, Gygi SP, Spiegelman BM (2015) A creatine-driven substrate cycle enhances energy expenditure and thermogenesis in beige fat. Cell 22(3):643–655. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.035 · DOI · Paper page
- Kharbanda KK, Mailliard ME, Baldwin CR, Beckenhauer HC, Sorrell MF, Tuma DJ (2007) Betaine attenuates alcoholic steatosis by restoring phosphatidylcholine generation via the phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase pathway. J Hepatol 46(2):314–321. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.08.024 · DOI
- Kumashiro N, Erion DM, Zhang D, Kahn M, Beddow SA, Chu X, Still CD, Gerhard GS, Han X, Dziura J, Petersen KF, Samuel VT, Shulman GI (2011) Cellular mechanism of insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(39):16381–16385. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1113359108 · DOI · Paper page
- Kwon do Y, Jung YS, Kim SJ, Park HK, Park JH, Kim YC (2009) Impaired sulfur-amino acid metabolism and oxidative stress in nonalcoholic fatty liver are alleviated by betaine supplementation in rats. J Nutr 139(1):63–68. doi: 10.3945/jn.108.094771 · DOI
- Larson-Meyer DE, Heilbronn LK, Redman LM, Newcomer BR, Frisard MI, Anton S, Smith SR, Alfonso A, Ravussin E (2006) Effect of calorie restriction with or without exercise on insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, fat cell size, and ectopic lipid in overweight subjects. Diabet Care 29(6):1337–1344. doi: 10.2337/dc05-2565 · DOI · Paper page
- Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB, Van Natta ML, Molleston JP, Murray KF, Rosenthal P, Abrams SH, Scheimann AO, Sanyal AJ, Chalasani N, Tonascia J, Unalp A, Clark JM, Brunt EM, Kleiner DE, Hoofnagle JH, Robuck PR, Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research N (2011) Effect of vitamin E or metformin for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: the TONIC randomized controlled trial. Jama 305(16):1659–1668. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.520 · DOI · Paper page
- Lewis GF, Carpentier A, Adeli K, Giacca A (2002) Disordered fat storage and mobilization in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Endocr Rev 23(2):201–229. doi: 10.1210/edrv.23.2.0461 · DOI · Paper page
- Li Z, Agellon LB, Allen TM, Umeda M, Jewell L, Mason A, Vance DE (2006) The ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine influences membrane integrity and steatohepatitis. Cell Metab 3(5):321–331. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2006.03.007 · DOI · Paper page
- Matsusue K, Haluzik M, Lambert G, Yim SH, Gavrilova O, Ward JM, Brewer B Jr, Reitman ML, Gonzalez FJ (2003) Liver-specific disruption of PPARγ in leptin-deficient mice improves fatty liver but aggravates diabetic phenotypes. J Clin Investig 111(5):737–747. doi: 10.1172/JCI17223 · DOI · Paper page
- Musso G, Gambino R, De Michieli F, Cassader M, Rizzetto M, Durazzo M, Faga E, Silli B, Pagano G (2003) Dietary habits and their relations to insulin resistance and postprandial lipemia in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 37(4):909–916. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50132 · DOI · Paper page
- Musso G, Gambino R, Cassader M, Pagano G (2010) A meta-analysis of randomized trials for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 52(1):79–104. doi: 10.1002/hep.23623 · DOI · Paper page
- Noureddin M, Mato JM, Lu SC (2015) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: update on pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and the role of S-adenosylmethionine. Exp Biol Med 240(6):809–820. doi: 10.1177/1535370215579161 · DOI
- Pastori D, Polimeni L, Baratta F, Pani A, Del Ben M, Angelico F (2015) The efficacy and safety of statins for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Liver Dis 47(1):4–11. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2014.07.170 · DOI
- Pontikos M, Lu QL, Morgan JE, Hardie DG, Partridge TA, Carling D (1998) Dual regulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase provides a novel mechanism for the control of creatine kinase in skeletal muscle. EMBO J 17:1688–1699 · DOI · Paper page
- Postic C, Girard J (2008) Contribution of de novo fatty acid synthesis to hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance: lessons from genetically engineered mice. J Clin Investig 118(3):829–838. doi: 10.1172/JCI34275 · DOI · Paper page
- Rotman Y, Koh C, Zmuda JM, Kleiner DE, Liang TJ, Nash CRN (2010) The association of genetic variability in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) with histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 52(3):894–903. doi: 10.1002/hep.23759 · DOI · Paper page
- Schwenger KJ, Allard JP (2014) Clinical approaches to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol WJG 20(7):1712–1723. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i7.1712 · DOI
- Scorletti E, Bhatia L, McCormick KG, Clough GF, Nash K, Hodson L, Moyses HE, Calder PC, Byrne CD, On behalf of the WSI (2014) Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Results from the *WELCOME study. Hepatology. doi: 10.1002/hep.27289 · DOI · Paper page
- Selhub J (2002) Folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 and one carbon metabolism. J Nutr Health Aging 6(1):39–42
- Song J, da Costa KA, Fischer LM, Kohlmeier M, Kwock L, Wang S, Zeisel SH (2005) Polymorphism of the PEMT gene and susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). FASEB J Off Publ Fed Am Soc Exp Biol 19(10):1266–1271. doi: 10.1096/fj.04-3580com · DOI
- Stead LM, Au KP, Jacobs RL, Brosnan ME, Brosnan JT (2001) Methylation demand and homocysteine metabolism: effects of dietary provision of creatine and guanidinoacetate. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 281(5):E1095–E1100 · DOI
- Stockebrand M, Sauter K, Neu A, Isbrandt D, Choe CU (2013) Differential regulation of AMPK activation in leptin- and creatine-deficient mice. FASEB J Off Publ Fed Am Soc Exp Biol 27(10):4147–4156. doi: 10.1096/fj.12-225136 · DOI
- Tailleux A, Wouters K, Staels B (2012) Roles of PPARs in NAFLD: potential therapeutic targets. Biochim Biophys Acta 1821 5:809–818. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.10.016 · DOI · Paper page
- Takasawa K, Kubota N, Terauchi Y, Kadowaki T (2008) Impact of increased PPARγ activity in adipocytes in vivo on adiposity, insulin sensitivity and the effects of rosiglitazone treatment. Endocr J 55(4):767–776 · DOI
- Tilg H, Moschen AR (2010) Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis. Hepatology 52(5):1836–1846. doi: 10.1002/hep.24001 · DOI · Paper page
- Vance DE (2013) Physiological roles of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. Biochim Biophys Acta 1831(3):626–632. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.07.017 · DOI
- Viollet B, Guigas B, Leclerc J, Hébrard S, Lantier L, Mounier R, Andreelli F, Foretz M (2009) AMP-activated protein kinase in the regulation of hepatic energy metabolism: from physiology to therapeutic perspectives. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 196(1):81–98. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2009.01970.x · DOI · Paper page
- Vos MB, Lavine JE (2013) Dietary fructose in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 57(6):2525–2531. doi: 10.1002/hep.26299 · DOI · Paper page
- Wallimann T, Tokarska-Schlattner M, Schlattner U (2011) The creatine kinase system and pleiotropic effects of creatine. Amino Acids 40(5):1271–1296. doi: 10.1007/s00726-011-0877-3 · DOI · Paper page
- Zhang Y, Cui Y, Wang XL, Shang X, Qi ZG, Xue J, Zhao X, Deng M, Xie ML (2015) PPARα/γ agonists and antagonists differently affect hepatic lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production in steatohepatitic rats. Cytokine 75(1):127–135. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.031 · DOI
- Zhou G, Myers R, Li Y, Chen Y, Shen X, Fenyk-Melody J, Wu M, Ventre J, Doebber T, Fujii N, Musi N, Hirshman MF, Goodyear LJ, Moller DE (2001) Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action. J Clin Invest 108(8):1167–1174 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Antonio, J., Candow, D. G., Forbes, S. C., Gualano, B., Jagim, A. R., Kreider, R. B., Rawson, E. S., Smith-Ryan, A. E., VanDusseldorp, T. A., Willoughby, D. S., et al. (2021) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00412-w · Cited by 345
Wallimann, T., Riek, U., & Möddel, M. (2017) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2016.12.002 · Cited by 87
Creatine monohydrate supplementation for older adults and clinical populations
Candow, D. G., Ostojic, S. M., Chilibeck, P. D., Longobardi, I., Gualano, B., Tarnopolsky, M. A., Wallimann, T., Moriarty, T., Kreider, R. B., Forbes, S. C., et al. (2025) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2025.2534130 · Cited by 43
da Silva, R. P., Leonard, K.-A., & Jacobs, R. L. (2017) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.08.010 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- Deminice, R., de Castro, G. S., Brosnan, M. E., & Brosnan, J. T.
- Venue
- Amino Acids
- Published
- 2016-01-30
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1983-1991
- ISSN
- 0939-4451
- 1438-2199
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 7
- Language
- en
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (88881.068035/2014-01)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (246567/2013-9)
- Canadian Institutes for Health Research (97851)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Creatine supplementation as a possible new therapeutic approach for fatty liver disease: early findings. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s00726-016-2183-6
- The paper
- Deminice, R., de Castro, G. S., Brosnan, M. E., & Brosnan, J. T. (2016). Creatine supplementation as a possible new therapeutic approach for fatty liver disease: early findings. Amino Acids. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-016-2183-6
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.