Current approaches to dementia screening and case finding in low‐ and middle‐income countries: Research update and recommendations
Open accessAbstract
Approximately 47 million people have dementia worldwide, with this figure, it is expected to almost triple by 2050. Most people with dementia (approximately two‐thirds) live in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). This presents a significant challenge for such countries that often have limited financial resources and less well‐developed health and social care systems. In the absence of a cure, reducing the future costs of dementia care and burden of disease may be best achieved by a greater emphasis on (1) more timely diagnosis with earlier intervention to maintain functional independence and (2) undertaking “screening” in groups at high risk of developing dementia, case finding, and using brief cognitive assessment instruments. In clinical settings, a wide range of instruments for dementia screening and diagnosis are currently available; however, few cognitive assessment tools have been developed specifically for clinical use within LMIC settings. Screening for dementia and cognitive impairment in LMICs largely relies on tools adapted from high‐income countries (HICs); these often lack validation in these settings leading to education, literacy, and cultural biases. Research is urgently needed to develop cognitive assessment tools and dementia diagnostic approaches that are appropriate and feasible for clinical use in LMIC settings.
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There is a current lack of validated dementia screening and case finding tools appropriate for LMIC settings.
“Despite this, there is a current lack of validated dementia screening and case finding tools appropriate for LMIC settings.13,14”
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- Authors
- Magklara, E., Stephan, B. C. M., & Robinson, L.
- Affiliations
- Newcastle University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Robinson, Louise
- Venue
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-09-24
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-7
- ISSN
- 0885-6230 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1166
- OpenAlex
- W2893302213
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 2.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- NIHR Global Health Research Group on Dementia Prevention and Enhanced Care (DePEC), Newcastle University (16/137/62)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- dementia screening, case finding, low- and middle-income countries, cognitive assessment tools, dementia diagnosis, cognitive impairment, cross-cultural adaptation, tool validation, early diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Dementia, Developing Countries, Humans, Mass Screening, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Cognitive Dysfunction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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