Mild cognitive impairment and deficits in instrumental activities of daily living: A systematic review
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INTRODUCTION: There is a growing body of evidence that subtle deficits in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) may be present in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, it is not clear if there are IADL domains that are consistently affected across patients with MCI. In this systematic review, therefore, we aimed to summarize research results regarding the performance of MCI patients in specific IADL (sub)domains compared with persons who are cognitively normal and/or patients with dementia. METHODS: The databases PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science were searched for relevant literature in December 2013. Publications from 1999 onward were considered for inclusion. Altogether, 497 articles were retrieved. Reference lists of selected articles were searched for potentially relevant articles. After screening the abstracts of these 497 articles, 37 articles were included in this review. RESULTS: In 35 studies, IADL deficits (such as problems with medication intake, telephone use, keeping appointments, finding things at home and using everyday technology) were documented in patients with MCI. Financial capacity in patients with MCI was affected in the majority of studies. Effect sizes for group differences between patients with MCI and healthy controls were predominantly moderate to large. Performance-based instruments showed slight advantages (in terms of effect sizes) in detecting group differences in IADL functioning between patients with MCI, patients with Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls. CONCLUSION: IADL requiring higher neuropsychological functioning seem to be most severely affected in patients with MCI. A reliable identification of such deficits is necessary, as patients with MCI with IADL deficits seem to have a higher risk of converting to dementia than patients with MCI without IADL deficits. The use of assessment tools specifically designed and validated for patients with MCI is therefore strongly recommended. Furthermore, the development of performance-based assessment instruments should be intensified, as they allow a valid and reliable assessment of subtle IADL deficits in MCI, even if a proxy is not available. Another important point to consider when designing new scales is the inclusion of technology-associated IADL. Novel instruments for clinical practice should be time-efficient and easy to administer.
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People who live alone are often solely responsible for completing household tasks, such as paying the bills, shopping, cleaning, maintenance, and answering the telephone or door, which all require cognitive input.
“People who live alone are often solely responsible for completing household tasks, such as paying the bills, shopping, cleaning, maintenance, and answering the telephone or door, which all require cognitive input (Jekel et al., 2015;Njegovan, Man-Son-Hing, Mitchell, & Molnar, 2001).”
From Living alone and cognitive function in later life (2019) · cites this paper as Jekel et al., 2015
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Wattmo, C., Paulsson, Minthon, & Londos, E. (2013) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s40087 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
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Type 2 diabetes and cognitive dysfunction–towards effective management of both comorbidities
Srikanth, V., Sinclair, A. J., Hill-Briggs, F., Moran, C., & Biessels, G. J. (2020) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30118-2 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Rabin, L. A., Paolillo, E., & Barr, W. B. (2016) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acw007 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Living alone and cognitive function in later life
Evans, I. E. M., Llewellyn, D. J., Matthews, F. E., Woods, R. T., Brayne, C., & Clare, L. (2019) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2018.12.014 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Cornelis, E., Gorus, E., Beyer, I., Bautmans, I., & De Vriendt, P. (2017) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002250 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
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Be open about drug failures to speed up research
Alteri, E., & Guizzaro, L. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07352-7 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Magklara, E., Stephan, B. C. M., & Robinson, L. (2019) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4969 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Irwin, L. N., Soto, E. F., Chan, E. S. M., Miller, C. E., Carrington-Forde, S., Groves, N. B., & Kofler, M. J. (2021) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2020.1866521 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Nonetheless, this conceptualization differs from models in the neurology literature, where illnesses such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and HIV are acquired illnesses that predict declines in working memory, which then in turn predict declines in ADL performance (Jekel et al., 2015; Ranhoff, 1997; Woods et al., 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialWhat works for whom in the management of diabetes in people living with dementia: a realist review
Bunn, F., Goodman, C., Reece Jones, P., Russell, B., Trivedi, D., Sinclair, A., Bayer, A., Rait, G., Rycroft-Malone, J., & Burton, C. (2017) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0909-2 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Medication adherence feedback with older adults with cognitive impairment: A mixed methods study
Sullivan, K. L., Hallowell, E. S., Goldstein, A., Commissariat, P. V., Daiello, L. A., Davis, J. D., & Margolis, S. A. (2025) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2024.2447094 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jekel, K., Damian, M., Wattmo, C., Hausner, L., Bullock, R., Connelly, P. J., Dubois, B., Eriksdotter, M., Ewers, M., Graessel, E., Kramberger, M. G., Law, E., Mecocci, P., Molinuevo, J. L., Nygård, L., Olde-Rikkert, M. G., Orgogozo, J.-M., Pasquier, F., Peres, K., Salmon, E., Sikkes, S. A., Sobow, T., Spiegel, R., Tsolaki, M., Winblad, B., & Frölich, L.
- Affiliations
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Lund University (SE)
- Victoria Hospital (GB)
- University of Dundee (GB)
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Stiftung Charité (DE)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Ljubljana University Medical Centre (SI)
- National Health Service Scotland (GB)
- University of Perugia (IT)
- Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (ES)
- Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
- Hôpital Pellegrin (FR)
- Inserm (FR)
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Basel (CH)
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Jekel, Katrin
- ORCID
- Venue
- Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
- Published
- 2015-03-18
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 17-17
- ISSN
- 1758-9193 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4374414
- OpenAlex
- W2160439953
- Cited by
- 640
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 8
- FWCI
- 6.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Alzheimer s Research & Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- heiDOK (Heidelberg University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- OPUS FAU (Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV), on behalf of the Universitätsbibliothek Erlangen-Nürnberg) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary approach to ALZheimer's disease
- European Commission (334259)
- Region Skåne
- Alzheimer Nederland
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Keywords
- mild cognitive impairment, instrumental activities of daily living, medication management, financial capacity, technology use, Alzheimer's disease, conversion to dementia, neuropsychological performance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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