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Risk of hospitalization and hip fracture associated with psychotropic polypharmacy in patients with dementia: A nationwide register‐based study
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To investigate the association of benzodiazepines and antidepressants on the risk of hospitalization and hip fracture in patients with dementia initiating antipsychotic drug treatment. Methods: A register‐based retrospective cohort study using data on all incident dementia cases (≥65 years) initiating antipsychotic treatment as monotherapy or in combination with benzodiazepines and/or antidepressants in Denmark from 2000 to 2015. The outcomes of interest were all‐cause hospitalization and hip fracture. Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for multiple variables were used to investigate risk of hospitalization and hip fracture within 180 days. Results: The risk of all‐cause hospitalization during 180‐days follow‐up was significantly increased by 55% (adjusted HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.29–1.86, p < 0.0001), when antipsychotic use was combined with benzodiazepines, when compared to antipsychotic monotherapy. The association between the combination of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines with the risk of hip fracture did not reach statistical significance (adjusted HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 0.99–2.26, p = 0.0534). Conclusions: The observed increased risk of all‐cause hospitalization and hip fracture may indicate increased drug‐related adverse events. Thus, careful and regular monitoring is needed to assess response to treatment and decrease the risk of adverse events, when antipsychotics are combined with BZDs, albeit confounding cannot be fully excluded within the current design.
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Population-based cohort studies have found that antidepressant use was related to no or lower risks of all-cause mortality in patients with dementia, but increased risk of fracture.
“Population-based cohort studies have found that antidepressant use was related to no or lower risks of all-cause mortality in patients with dementia [59, 60], but increased risk of fracture [61, 62].”
From Antidepressant use and cognitive decline in patients with dementia: a national cohort study (2025) · cites this paper as [61]
The Accepted Article discussion reports earlier cohort studies finding increased fracture risk with antidepressant monotherapy in patients with dementia. But this paper’s own Risk of hip fracture results found no association for antidepressants combined with antipsychotics versus antipsychotics alone. The citation therefore supports the fracture-risk statement as a report of earlier findings, not as a finding of this cohort. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Validity of Dementia Diagnoses in the Danish Hospital Registers
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Self-citationWhite, N., Leurent, B., Lord, K., Scott, S., Jones, L., & Sampson, E. L. (2017) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4463 · Cited by 103
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Antidepressant use and cognitive decline in patients with dementia: a national cohort study
Mo, M., Abzhandadze, T., Hoang, M. T., Sacuiu, S., Jurado, P. G., Pereira, J. B., Naia, L., Kele, J., Maioli, S., Xu, H., et al. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-03851-3 · Cited by 45
Metadata
- Authors
- Zakarias, J. K., Nørgaard, A., Jensen‐Dahm, C., Gasse, C., Laursen, T. M., Palm, H., Nielsen, R. E., & Waldemar, G.
- Affiliations
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Bispebjerg Hospital (DK)
- Aalborg University Hospital (DK)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Zakarias, Johanne Købstrup
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-06-08
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1691-1698
- ISSN
- 0885-6230 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1166
- OpenAlex
- W3165775348
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 1.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- vbn.aau.dk
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Ministeriet Sundhed Forebyggelse
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- dementia, antipsychotic polypharmacy, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, hip fracture, hospitalization, drug-related adverse events, drug-drug interactions, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Dementia, Hip Fractures, Hospitalization, Humans, Psychotropic Drugs, Retrospective Studies, Antipsychotic Agents, Polypharmacy
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