The “Task B problem” and other considerations in developmental functional neuroimaging
Open accessAbstract
Functional neuroimaging provides a remarkable tool to allow us to study cognition across the lifespan and in special populations in a safe way. However, experimenters face a number of methodological issues, and these issues are particularly pertinent when imaging children. This brief article discusses assessing task performance, strategies for dealing with group performance differences, controlling for movement, statistical power, proper atlas registration, and data analysis strategies. In addition, there will be discussion of two other topics that have important implications for interpreting fMRI data: the question of whether functional neuroanatomical differences between adults and children are the consequence of putative developmental neurovascular differences, and the issue of interpreting negative blood oxygenation‐level dependent (BOLD) signal change. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In Christakou et al. (2011), the shift from immediate to delayed choice was associated with increased anterior insula-medial prefrontal cortex connectivity and strengthened ventromedial prefrontal cortex-striatal connectivity.
“The shift from immediate to delayed choice was also associated with increased connectivity between the AIC and the mPFC in addition to the strengthening of vmPFC and striatal connectivity.”
From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [107]
These studies highlight the role of the anterior insula during the interplay of cognitive and affective processes.
“These studies highlight the role of the AIC during the interplay of cognitive and affective processes.”
From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [107]
In Christakou et al. (2011), age-related decreases in impulsive choices were associated with increases in medial prefrontal cortex recruitment and decreases in ventral striatum and anterior insula recruitment.
“Age-related decreases in impulsive choices were associated with increases in mPFC recruitment and with decreases in ventral striatum and AIC recruitment.”
From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [107]
The available body of research supports the proposed developmental model.
“Although this hypothesis requires some speculation informed by an admittedly sparse literature, the available body of research supports this proposed developmental model [28, 68, 98, 107–109].”
From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [107]
In Christakou et al. (2011), the tendency to choose large delayed rewards over small immediate rewards increased with age.
“Behaviorally, the tendency to opt for large, delayed choices rather than small, immediate choices increased with age, a pattern seen in other studies [see 110].”
From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [107]
The Christakou et al. results support a possible developmental shift from anterior insula and striatum engagement during impulsive choices to increased anterior insula-prefrontal cortex connectivity during more considered choices.
“Together, these results provide support for a possible developmental shift from engagement of the AIC and striatum during impulsive choices to increased connectivity between the AIC and the PFC during more considered ones.”
From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [107]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 72 · Cited by 148
- Authors
- Church, J. A., Petersen, S. E., & Schlaggar, B. L.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schlaggar, Bradley L.
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-05-14
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 852-862
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC3468298
- OpenAlex
- W2083677571
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 1.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K02NS053425, R21NS061144)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD057076)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- children, head movement control, statistical power, atlas registration, fMRI data analysis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Brain Mapping, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Models, Neurological, Neuropsychological Tests
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
