Baby bonus in Switzerland: Effects on fertility, newborn health, and birth‐scheduling
Open accessAbstract
This paper studies the effect of birth allowances (so‐called baby bonus) on fertility, newborn health, and birth‐scheduling in Switzerland. Switzerland provides an optimal quasi‐experiment: 11 out of 26 cantons introduced a baby bonus during the last 50 years at different points in time. To identify the effect of changes in the baby bonus, we employ an event study with control groups using several administrative data sets on births, stillbirths, and infant deaths in Switzerland from 1969 to 2017. While there is no evidence for birth‐scheduling, we find, however, a sizable but only temporary increase in the fertility rate of 5.5% and a permanent but diminishing increase in the birth weight of 2.8%. The latter effect is particularly strong at the lower end of the birth weight distribution. Furthermore, we document substantial heterogeneity by citizenship of mothers.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The amount in a baby bonus package can never fully offset the lifetime direct and indirect costs of raising a child.
“The amount in a baby bonus package can never fully offset the lifetime direct and indirect costs of raising a child (Malak, Rahman, and Yip 2019; Chuard and Chuard-Keller 2021; Sinclair, Boymal, and de Silva 2012).”
From Family Policies in Low Fertility Countries: Evidence and Reflections (2025) · cites this paper as Chuard and Chuard-Keller 2021
The Introduction (page unavailable) says children are expensive and describes baby bonuses as lump-sum payments that ease families’ financial pressure. It does not assess lifetime direct and indirect child-rearing costs or establish that a bonus can never fully offset them. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1914185 · Cited by 48,524 · see citing works
Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk
Kahneman, D. J., & Tversky, A. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511609220.014 · Cited by 32,700 · see citing works
Difference-in-Differences with multiple time periods
Callaway, B., & Sant’Anna, P. H. C. (2021) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.12.001 · Cited by 9,126 · see citing works
Difference-in-differences with variation in treatment timing
Goodman-Bacon, A. (2021) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2021.03.014 · Cited by 8,046 · see citing works
Two-Way Fixed Effects Estimators with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects
de Chaisemartin, C., & D’Haultfœuille, X. (2020) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.20181169 · Cited by 5,031 · see citing works
Economics of the Family: Marriage, Children, and Human Capital
Becker, G. S., & Lewis, H. G. (n.d.) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 2,956 · see citing works
Anderson, M. L. (2008) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1198/016214508000000841 · Cited by 2,410 · cited 6× · see citing works
“We find that the fertility effect is driven by mothers with citizenship from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Birth weight, however, significantly increases for mothers from a high‐income country. In contrast to previous studies, we do not find evidence for birth‐scheduling around the policy changes. We argue…”
ResultInfluentialChildhood Circumstances and Adult Outcomes: Act II
Almond, D. V., Currie, J., & Duque, V. (2018) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.20171164 · Cited by 940 · see citing works
Unhealthy assimilation: Why do immigrants converge to American health status levels?
Antecol, H., & Bedard, K. (2006) · Demography · doi:10.1353/dem.2006.0011 · Cited by 822 · see citing works
Income, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and Infant Health
Hoynes, H., Miller, D., & Simon, D. (2015) · American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · doi:10.1257/pol.20120179 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Inside the War on Poverty: The Impact of Food Stamps on Birth Outcomes
Almond, D., Hoynes, H. W., & Schanzenbach, D. W. (2011) · Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00089 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Stress and birth weight: Evidence from terrorist attacks
Camacho, A. (2008) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.98.2.511 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Subsidizing the Stork: New Evidence on Tax Incentives and Fertility
Milligan, K. (2005) · Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/0034653054638382 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Weathering the storm: Hurricanes and birth outcomes
Currie, J., & Rossin‐Slater, M. (2013) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2013.01.004 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
A Flying Start? Maternity Leave Benefits and Long-Run Outcomes of Children
Carneiro, P., Løken, K. V., & Salvanes, K. G. (2015) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/679627 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Psychosocial stress in pregnancy and preterm birth: associations and mechanisms
Shapiro, G. D., Fraser, W., Frasch, M. G., & Séguin, J. (2013) · Journal of Perinatal Medicine · doi:10.1515/jpm-2012-0295 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
McDonald, J. T., & Kennedy, S. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.05.004 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Taxes and the Timing of Births
Dickert‐Conlin, S., & Chandra, A. (1999) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/250054 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Financial Incentives and Fertility
Cohen, A., Dehejia, R., & Romanov, D. (2013) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00342 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
IMMIGRANT SELECTION SYSTEMS AND IMMIGRANT HEALTH
Chiswick, B. R., Lee, Y. L., & Miller, P. W. (2008) · Contemporary Economic Policy · doi:10.1111/j.1465-7287.2008.00099.x · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Lima, S. A. M., El Dib, R. P., Rodrigues, M. R. K., Ferraz, G. A. R., Molina, A. C., Neto, C. A. P., de Lima, M. A. F., & Rudge, M. V. C. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0200594 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Poverty, Violence, and Health: The Impact of Domestic Violence During Pregnancy on Newborn Health
Aizer, A. (2011) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.1353/jhr.2011.0024 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
The Effect of a Universal Child Benefit on Conceptions, Abortions, and Early Maternal Labor Supply
González, L. (2013) · American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · doi:10.1257/pol.5.3.160 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Born on the first of July: An (un)natural experiment in birth timing
Gans, J. S., & Leigh, A. (2008) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.07.004 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Does Grief Transfer across Generations? Bereavements during Pregnancy and Child Outcomes
Black, S. E., Devereux, P. J., & Salvanes, K. G. (2015) · American Economic Journal Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.20140262 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Health Assimilation Patterns Amongst Australian Immigrants*
Biddle, N., KENNEDY, S., & McDonald, J. T. (2007) · Economic Record · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4932.2007.00373.x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
A “healthy immigrant effect” or a “sick immigrant effect”? Selection and policies matter
Constant, A. F., García‐Muñoz, T., Neuman, S., & Neuman, T. (2017) · The European Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1007/s10198-017-0870-1 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Where have all the young men gone? Using sex ratios to measure fetal death rates
Sanders, N., & Stoecker, C. (2015) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2014.12.005 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Is There an Effect of Incremental Welfare Benefits on Fertility Behavior? A Look at the Family Cap
Kearney, M. S. (2004) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.2307/3559016 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Coomarasamy, A., Knox, E. M., Gee, H., Song, F., & Khan, K. S. (2003) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/s1470-0328(03)03971-5 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
The hidden costs of terrorism: The effects on health at birth
Quintana‐Domeque, C., & Ródenas-Serrano, P. (2017) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.08.006 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
IDENTIFYING THE RESPONSE OF FERTILITY TO FINANCIAL INCENTIVES
Laroque, G., & Salanié, B. (2013) · Journal of Applied Econometrics · doi:10.1002/jae.2332 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Is There an Effect of Incremental Welfare Benefits on Fertility Behavior? A Look at the Family Cap
Kearney, M. S. (2002) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w9093 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Neugart, M., & Ohlsson, H. (2012) · Journal of Population Economics · doi:10.1007/s00148-012-0420-1 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Tamm, M. (2012) · Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0084.2012.00707.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
New Evidence on Taxes and the Timing of Birth
LaLumia, S., Sallee, J., & Turner, N. (2015) · American Economic Journal Economic Policy · doi:10.1257/pol.20130243 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
What a difference a day makes: Quantifying the effects of birth timing manipulation on infant health
Schulkind, L., & Shapiro, T. M. (2013) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2013.11.003 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Lee, C. (2014) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.001 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The Impact of Scheduling Birth Early on Infant Health
Borra, C., González, L., & Sevilla, A. (2018) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1093/jeea/jvx060 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The Lasting Legacy of Seasonal Influenza: In-Utero Exposure and Labor Market OutcomesPreprint
Schwandt, H. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2931286 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Announcement effects of health policy reforms: evidence from the abolition of Austria’s baby bonus
Brunner, B., & Kühn, A. (2013) · The European Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1007/s10198-013-0481-4 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
González, L., & Trommlerová, S. K. (2020) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The lasting legacy of seasonal influenza: in-utero exposure and labor market outcomes
Schwandt, H. (2017) · Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · doi:10.5167/uzh-136964 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Exploring the Variations of the Sex Ratio at Birth from an Historical Perspective
Scalone, F., & Rettaroli, R. (2016) · Statistica · doi:10.6092/issn.1973-2201/6027 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 45 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Becker, G. S., & Lewis, H. G. (1973). On the interaction between the quantity and quality of children. Journal of Political Economy, 81(2), S279– S288.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/918d8db3-en · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Family Policies in Low Fertility Countries: Evidence and Reflections
Gauthier, A. H., & Gietel‐Basten, S. (2025) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.1111/padr.12691 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Causal Analysis of Policy Effects on Fertility
Hart, R. K., Bergsvik, J., Fauske, A., & Kim, W. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_451-1 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Reich, G. (2024) · Australian Economic Papers · doi:10.1111/1467-8454.12345 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/006fe2b8-en · Cited by 2 · see citing works
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/15025af7-en · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Expected years after labour market exit
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/bb2c49e5-en · Cited by 1 · see citing works
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/bd399581-en · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sánchez-Coll, S. (2022) · SERIEs · doi:10.1007/s13209-022-00270-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Suicide rates have been falling on average, but country trends can differ markedly
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/3a69e5d9-en · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The mean age of women at first birth has risen by 3 years within two decades
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/1a2cc4ab-en · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Suicide rates are between two and eight times higher for men than for women across OECD countries
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/89962214-en · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Marijuana Legalization and Fertility
Papich, S. (2023) · American Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1086/727979
Childlessness increased markedly in many countries among younger cohorts of women
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/5d7082a7-en
Levels and trends of life satisfaction vary considerably across countries
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/5e988e06-en
Wealth is more concentrated at the top than income
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/3c0833e8-en
Few respondents feel that they could access public benefits in times of need
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/50fd1503-en
Inflation outpaced household income growth in most countries in 2022
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/ca597f34-en
Unemployment rates remain low across the OECD countries
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/736c20ad-en
Low-income dwellers face a significant housing cost burden
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/ce0b9f3f-en
Interpreting OECD social indicators
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/8d86a8be-en
A continuum of family support throughout childhood
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/bffd783d-en
Half of the total number of doctors and 87% of long-term care workers across the OECD are women
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/0d5d8925-en
More than one‑third of people in the OECD are at risk of falling into poverty
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/2e163629-en
More than half of the population perceives corruption in government
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/2f147ef6-en
The share of young adults living with their parents has increased in many countries
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/7d5fbce0-en
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/73e5872b-en
In most OECD countries there has been a decline in electoral participation
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/60e7cbf3-en
Young people tend to vote less than adults age 25‑50
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/3336a888-en
Over the past 30 years, incomes of the bottom 10% grew slower than mean, median and top incomes
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/954bc09c-en
Most spending goes to pensions and health
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/ddbe58cb-en
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/2ddeca93-en
Employment rates in late 2023 were generally above pre‑COVID‑19 levels
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/52540d87-en
In most OECD countries, women participate more than men in education and training
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/8b14e9ab-en
Men and women spend 4.5 more years after labour market exit in 2022 than in 1980
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/3f313b2a-en
Internet usage has increased in all OECD countries in the past two decades
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/33b2f627-en
Marked decline in smoking rates among adults in most OECD countries
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/2553397c-en
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/66c98ef2-en
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/52ecea63-en
Fertility rates across the OECD are typically below the population replacement rate
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/ced9b6a5-en
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/528d724e-en
Median income varies by a factor eight across OECD countries
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/3f4a64c1-en
Almost one in five 15‑year‑olds have been drunk at least twice in their life
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/e058a977-en
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/f5123f61-en
One in ten women across the OECD condone men’s violence against women
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/48293bd3-en
The share of youth in the total population declines in most countries
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/ec93c832-en
COVID‑19 reduced life expectancy in many countries
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/2f04485d-en
Fertility trends across the OECD: Underlying drivers and the role for policy
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/fa367bad-en
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/08530691-en
On average less than half of the population trust their national government
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/fcfa93ab-en
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/a239711e-de
More so than men, women do not feel secure walking alone at night
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/8df809b9-en
The strong decline in the youth to working-age ratio has stopped
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/a0344871-en
Many think that child income support is inadequate
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/050b4003-en
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/e01b0e44-en
Satisfaction tends to be higher for education, public safety, and health
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/22e14d99-en
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/a63f6e7f-en
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/bf453c34-en
Household expenditures have changed since 2000
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/2e68274e-en
Gender gaps in performance vary across subjects in OECD countries
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/a520b271-en
Cash support is not always tightly targeted to the poorest
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/14716a91-en
The share of online vacancies demanding AI skills is small but increasing
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/2a9c9130-en
More than five‑out-of-ten jobs in shortage are found in high-skilled occupations
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/c1db1aa3-en
One in ten of the OECD population is foreign-born
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/529eb923-en
The mean age at first marriage for both women and men rose by 6 years since 1990
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/241e5239-en
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/6b4029c2-en
Large differences in health spending per capita across the OECD
(2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/cc96de8e-en
Teenage girls report more often to be victims of cyberbullying than boys
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/45cb55bd-en
In two‑thirds of the OECD countries, migrants’ fertility rates are below replacement rate
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/b7b2bdf1-en
On average across the OECD 27% of jobs have a high risk of automation
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/2b5c11cd-en
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/4502f8eb-en
Income and wealth inequalities
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/8e321b13-en
Unemployment and social safety net benefits
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/3a4306d8-en
On average across the OECD, the number of nurses is about 2.5 times that of doctors
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/1de85a92-en
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/4bf471b6-en
In most OECD countries, annual migration flows represent less than 1% of the population
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/bc26d48e-en
Women continue to live over 5 years more than men on average across OECD countries
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/e9ba2d5c-en
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/b08fa75e-en
Social safety net benefits alone cannot prevent income poverty
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/17772467-en
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/972cb357-en
Preferences for government intervention and social policies
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/89e94566-en
Social and economic risk perceptions and concerns
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/16e28105-en
One‑third of all doctors and a quarter of nurses in OECD countries were over 55 years of age
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/797e2ab9-en
The emergence of COVID‑19 led to increases in health spending in two‑thirds of OECD countries
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/77de1594-en
Housing is a key worry for young adults
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/f5aebe27-en
In 2022, many workers were worried about losing their jobs
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/94d331d2-en
The link between family policy and fertility outcomes
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/5ef1a25e-en
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/78604ba2-en
Satisfaction with social policies and the government’s covid response
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/4c4842f1-en
Key facts and figures (Infographic)
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/ec4aa2e6-en
The demographic old age to working age ratio will double over the next four decades
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/95dd4819-en
Women spend 4.5 more years after labour market exit than men
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/ea5c5b29-en
Tobacco and alcohol consumption
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/53223dd4-en
In most countries, benefit income declines significantly for people with long unemployment spells
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/4521cc69-en
A majority in many countries think that today’s children will miss out on progress
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/b11e50eb-en
Public spending family supports varies widely across OECD countries
OECD (2024) · Society at a glance · doi:10.1787/60ebf41c-en
- Authors
- Chuard, C., & Chuard‐Keller, P.
- Affiliations
- University of St.Gallen (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Chuard, Caroline
- Venue
- Health Economics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-06-02
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2092-2123
- ISSN
- 1057-9230 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1050
- PMC
- PMC8453695
- OpenAlex
- W3164496857
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 103 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 41.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Health Economics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Alexandria (UniSG) (University of St.Gallen) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- Universität St. Gallen
- Universität Zürich
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Keywords
- baby bonus, fertility, newborn health, birth weight, stillbirth, infant mortality
- MeSH terms
- Infant Health, Birth Rate, Birth Weight, Fertility, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Switzerland
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
