Apoptotic cells attenuate fulminant hepatitis by priming Kupffer cells to produce interleukin-10 through membrane-bound TGF-β
Open accessAbstract
The liver, a unique tolerogenic organ, is regarded as the site to trap and destroy aging erythrocytes and activated T cells. However, to date, the mechanisms for why the liver is tolerogenic and whether liver Kupffer cells (KC) are critical phagocytes for apoptotic cells (AC) contributing to the liver immunosuppression remain unclear. Here we report that KC is the main phagocyte for AC in the liver. Contact of AC inhibits proinflammatory cytokine but enhances anti-inflammatory cytokine production of KC in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Membrane-bound transforming growth factor (TGF)-β on AC is responsible for the increased production of interleukin (IL)-10 in KC through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation via the Smad3 pathway. Importantly, KC-derived IL-10 is critical for AC infusion-mediated protection of endotoxin-induced fulminant hepatitis through suppression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nitric oxide (NO) production from KC and consequently attenuation of KC-mediated cytolysis of hepatocytes. Conclusion: AC can be preferentially phagocytosed by KC in the liver, leading to attenuation of fulminant hepatitis through IL-10-mediated suppression of KC-derived inflammatory TNF-α and NO production. These findings demonstrate that priming of KC by AC may contribute to maintain liver immunosuppression, providing a new mechanistic explanation for how immune homeostasis is maintained in the liver. (Hepatology 2011.)
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Efferocytosis of hepatocyte-derived debris by SIRPα+ liver macrophages (both KC-derived and monocyte-derived) represses the onset of liver fibrosis.
“Interestingly, efferocytosis of hepatocyte-derived debris by SIRPα+ liver macrophages (both KC-derived and monocyte-derived) represses the onset of liver fibrosis [80, 81].”
From Inflammation and immunity in liver homeostasis and disease: a nexus of hepatocytes, nonparenchymal cells and immune cells (2025) · cites this paper as [81]
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
- HEPATOLOGY, Vol. 53, No. 1, 2011
- ZHANG ET AL. 315 15273350, 2011, 1, Downloaded from https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.24029, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
- Wiegard C, Frenzel C, Herkel J, Kallen KJ, Schmitt E, Lohse AW. Mu- rine liver antigen presenting cells control suppressor activity of CD4þCD25þ regulatory T cells. HEPATOLOGY 2005;42:193-199.
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- Authors
- Zhang, M., Xu, S., Han, Y., & Cao, X.
- Affiliations
- Second Military Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Cao, Xuetao
- Venue
- Hepatology
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 306-316
- ISSN
- 0270-9139 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1974541014
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Hepatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (2007CB512807)
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
- Second Military Medical University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
- Keywords
- apoptotic cells, Kupffer cells, fulminant hepatitis, IL-10, lipopolysaccharide, ERK activation, Smad3 signaling, TNF-α, nitric oxide, hepatocyte cytolysis, endotoxin, phagocytosis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Flavonoids, Hepatitis, Immune Tolerance, Kupffer Cells, Lipopolysaccharides, Liver, Male, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Phagocytosis, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Interleukin-10, Apoptosis, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases, Mice
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