The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Development of a novel frailty index to predict mortality in patients with end‐stage liver disease
Open accessAbstract
Cirrhosis is characterized by muscle wasting, malnutrition, and functional decline that confer excess mortality not well quantified by the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) Sodium (MELDNa) score. We aimed to develop a frailty index to capture these extrahepatic complications of cirrhosis and enhance mortality prediction in patients with cirrhosis. Consecutive outpatients listed for liver transplantation at a single transplant center without MELD exceptions were assessed with candidate frailty measures. Best subset selection analyses with Cox regression identified subsets of frailty measures that predicted waitlist mortality (=death or delisting because of sickness). We selected the frailty index by balancing statistical accuracy with clinical utility. The net reclassification index (NRI) evaluated the %patients correctly reclassified by adding the frailty index to MELDNa. Included were 536 patients with cirrhosis with median MELDNa of 18. One hundred seven (20%) died/were delisted. The final frailty index consisted of: grip strength, chair stands, and balance. The ability of MELDNa and the frailty index to correctly rank patients according to their 3-month waitlist mortality risk (i.e., concordance-statistic) was 0.80 and 0.76, respectively, but 0.82 for MELDNa+frailty index together. Compared with MELDNa alone, MELDNa+frailty index correctly reclassified 16% of deaths/delistings (P = 0.005) and 3% of nondeaths/delistings (P = 0.17) with a total NRI of 19% (P < 0.001). Compared to those with robust frailty index scores (<20th percentile), cirrhotics with poor frailty index scores (>80th percentile) were more impaired by gait speed, difficulty with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, exhaustion, and low physical activity (P < 0.001 for each). CONCLUSION: Our frailty index for patients with cirrhosis, comprised of three performance-based metrics, has construct validity for the concept of frailty and improves risk prediction of waitlist mortality over MELDNa alone. (Hepatology 2017;66:564-574).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Finally, malnutrition [105], frailty [106, 107] and especially sarcopenia [108, 109, 110, 111] have become increasingly important in patients with advanced chronic liver disease and should be evaluated and treated in each patient.”
From Current treatment of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (2022) · cites this paper as [106]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype
Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., Newman, A. B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., Seeman, T., Tracy, R., Kop, W. J., Burke, G., et al. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146 · Cited by 24,907 · cited 10×
“(1), good (2), fair (3), poor (4), or very poor (5).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAssessment of Older People: Self-Maintaining and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Lawton, M. P., & Brody, E. M. (1969) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/9.3_part_1.179 · Cited by 18,540
A Proportional Hazards Model for the Subdistribution of a Competing Risk
Fine, J. P., & Gray, R. J. (1999) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1999.10474144 · Cited by 14,290 · cited 2×
“not available for competing risk regression.((12)) However, in our cohort, the estimates of waitlist mortality, our primary outcome, were similar at 3, 6, and 12 months (Supporting Table S2).”
ResultGuralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · cited 3×
“Balance, seconds <30 seconds is impaired((16)) 30 (30-30) 0.”
ResultA Model to Predict Survival in Patients With End–Stage Liver Disease
Kamath, P. S., Wiesner, R. H., Malinchoc, M., Kremers, W. K., Therneau, T. M., Kosberg, C. L., D’Amico, G., Dickson, R. E., & Kim, W. R. (2001) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.2001.22172 · Cited by 5,066 · cited 6×
“The MELD score has proven, time and time again, to predict mortality in patients with cirrhosis.((1,15)) However, clinicians have long recognized that, at a given MELD score, the clinical manifestations of patients with ESLD are highly heterogeneous.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGait speed and survival in older adults.
Studenski, S. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1923 · Cited by 4,558 · cited 3×
“Given the inherent sex differences in grip strength((8)) and walk speed((9)) norms, we converted grip strength and walk speed into sexspecific z-scores for use in the prediction modeling:”
MethodResultLower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability
Guralnik, J. M., Ferrucci, L., Simonsick, E. M., Salive, M. E., & Wallace, R. B. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199503023320902 · Cited by 4,083
Collins, P. G. S., Reitsma, J. B., Altman, D. G., & Moons, K. G. M. (2015) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2014.639 · Cited by 3,315
Collins, G. S., Reitsma, J. B., Altman, D. G., & Moons, K. G. M. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m14-0697 · Cited by 3,267
Internal validation of predictive models
Steyerberg, E. W., Harrell, F. E., Borsboom, G. J. J. M., Eijkemans, M. J. C., Vergouwe, Y., & Habbema, J. D. F. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00341-9 · Cited by 2,746 · cited 1×
“This was a deliberate choice, given that studies have demonstrated that this combination of selection methods is equivalent to cross-validation and bootstrapping and is preferred to internal validation.((10,25)) External validation, however, remains the gold standard to assess the true validity of this index when appl…”
Method
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 2005, Model building in PROC PHREG with automatic variable selection and information criteria, Stat Data Anal, SUGI 30, 206
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–554 of 554
Qiu, S., Wang, L., & Ren, Z. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-43587-5
“A calculator for the LFI is available at http://liverfrailtyindex.ucsf.edu 43 .”
InfluentialCrest, P., Navarro, J., Barry, F., Sasakado, C., & Roberts, J. P. (2026) · Frontiers in Transplantation · doi:10.3389/frtra.2026.1686667
“Sarcopenia was diagnosed by clinical assessment, and Liver Frailty Scores were calculated as previously described (15).”
Self-citationJohnston, H. E., Mayr, H. L., Andelkovic, M., Takefala, T. G., Chen, Y., Thrift, A. P., Hickman, I. J., & Macdonald, G. A. (2026) · World Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.4254/wjh.v18.i3.114279
Frailty assessment to improve evaluation of cirrhotic patients on the liver transplant waiting list
Conti, F., Dumortier, J., & Calmus, Y. (2026) · Journal of Liver Transplantation · doi:10.1016/j.liver.2026.100346
Cosquer, G. L., Gilletta, C., Kochar, B. D., Ananthakrishnan, A. N., & Buisson, A. (2026) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izag031
Role of Renal Biomarkers in Sarcopenia or Frailty in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis
Kim, J. H., Jeong, J. Y., Cho, J., Park, S. J., Kwon, H., Ko, K. A., Oh, H., Cho, Y. K., Kim, B. I., & Sohn, W. (2026) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2026.41.e192
Ferral, H. (2026) · CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00270-026-04446-y
“The mean baseline frailty index was leaning toward high scores [7].”
Younus, H., Nawaz, A., & Khwaja, H. A. (2026) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1015289
Lai, J., O’Leary, J. G., Tandon, P., Wong, F. S.-H., García–Tsao, G., Kamath, P. S., Biggins, S. W., Vargas, H. E., Thacker, L. R., Bush, B. J., et al. (2026) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2026.04.024
Self-citationKamiliou, A., Adamantou, M., Pergantina, E., Rachiotis, N., Bali, T., Mouziouras, D., Lakiotaki, D., Lekakis, V., Alexopoulou, A., Papatheodoridis, G., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15103697
“Patients with a LFI score > 4.4 were categorized as frail, patients with a LFI score between 3.2 and 4.4 were considered pre-frail, whereas scores 3.2 defined robust status [20].”
InfluentialPreoperative Evaluation for Liver and Kidney Transplantation
Yu, K., & Smith, S. A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-24270-9_2
Modified Frailty Index and outcomes after liver transplantation: A multicenter cohort study
Abuassi, M., Turner, T., Westein, R., Raigani, S., Rawashdeh, B., Tachtatzis, P., Prasad, K., & Hynes, A. M. (2026) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2026.110235
Characterizing Delirium in Liver Transplant Recipients
Ruck, J. M., Helmy, S. M., Neufeld, K. J., Oh, E. S., Needham, D. M., Colantuoni, E., McAdams‐DeMarco, M., Lai, J. C., Segev, D. L., & King, E. A. (2026) · Delirium · doi:10.56392/001c.161801
Self-citationThe Liver Frailty Index improves mortality risk prediction for GEMA-Na
Wang, M., Shui, A. M., Rodríguez‐Perálvarez, M., Mauro, E., Duarte‐Rojo, A., Rahimi, R. S., King, E. A., Verna, E. C., Ganger, D. R., Ladner, D. P., et al. (2026) · Liver Transplantation · doi:10.1097/lvt.0000000000000912
Self-citationHepatic encephalopathy: Part 3, outpatient management
Tranah, T. H., Kronsten, V. T., Frolkis, A. D., Seager, M., Mangini, C., Ntuli, Y., Montagnese, S., Shawcross, D. L., & Tapper, E. B. (2026) · Frontline Gastroenterology · doi:10.1136/flgastro-2026-103734
D’Arcangelo, F., Vivian, L. M., Ferrarese, A., Gambato, M., Germani, G., Senzolo, M., Russo, F. P., Burra, P., & Zanetto, A. (2026) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000972
“[4,15] The test was administered by one expert operator (Francesca D’Arcangelo) using the Lafayette hand dynamometer model J00105.”
InfluentialLipocalin 2 is associated with malnutrition risk and poor prognosis of decompensated cirrhosis
Peng, B., Yang, Z., Ren, L., Li, J., Zhang, M., & Sun, C. (2026) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2026.113298
Far, A. T., Sun, S., Jutras, G., Wang, M. B., Burns, S., Owens, J., Galvez, V., Somsouk, M., Lai, J. C., Lai, K., et al. (2026) · JAMIA Open · doi:10.1093/jamiaopen/ooag106
Self-citationFrailty and Chronic Liver Disease: Susceptibility Marker or Diagnostic Opportunity?
Yang, X., & Zhang, W. (2026) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.70610
Fozouni, L., Cullaro, G., Lai, J. C., & Wadhwani, S. I. (2026) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000005813
Self-citationKalal, C. R., Shetty, R., Poyekar, S., Joshi, H., & Gupta, P. (2026) · Liver Transplantation · doi:10.1097/lvt.0000000000000957
Cruz, C., Picard, D., de la Guardia, M. E. B., Gerbaud, A. F., Tandon, P., & Venegas, C. (2026) · Current Surgery Reports · doi:10.1007/s40137-026-00523-w
“Commonly used nutritional assessment tools include the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PGSGA) [ 11], and the Royal Free Hospital–SGA (RFH-SGA), all of which are typically performed by a registered dietitian [2 , 8 , 12].”
PREHABILITATION IN PATIENTS AWAITING LIVER TRANSPLANTATION – A REVIEW OF CURRENT EVIDENCE
Mruzek, T., Marcysiak, A., Mularczyk, P., Zawadzka, K., Kiełbasiewicz, M., Łysoniewski, W., Sikorska, M., Polek, N., & Strumińska, J. (2026) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.3(51).2026.5722
Procurement Versatility and Waitlist Outcomes in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Eng, N. L., Olenwine, K., Taute, E., & Martin, S. P. (2026) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2026.07.003
Calthorpe, L. M., Lee, C., Fenton, C. L., Barron, G., Or, N., Roll, G. R., Feng, S., & Lai, J. C. (2026) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000005855
Self-citationAtli, M., Şahin, H., Soylu, L., & Karademir, S. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15155970
“In contrast, frailty, sarcopenia, and malnutrition represent immunonutritional reserve independently of MELD and may have an additional determining role in transplant outcomes [11,12].”
Micronutrient deficiencies in ambulatory adults with cirrhosis
Wang, M., Pariani, K., Barry, F., Kent, D. S., Seetharaman, S., Catalli, L., & Lai, J. C. (2026) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000001032
“[11] The liver frailty index is a measure of physical frailty calculated using chair stands (time to complete 5 chair stands), balance testing (ability to balance side-by-side, semitandem, and tandem for 10 s), and grip strength (measured using a hand dynamometer of the dominant hand), validated…”
Self-citationXu, Y., Ling-jin, H., Xia, Y.-H., Bai, Z.-M., Xiao, C.-B., Lu, H.-Q., & Dai, X.-F. (2026) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2026.1898082
Calthorpe, L. M., Lee, C., Fenton, C. L., Roll, G. R., Feng, S., & Lai, J. C. (2026) · Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ctg.0000000000001082
“The Liver Frailty Index (LFI) is a widely used metric for frailty among patients with cirrhosis (8).”
Self-citationVanWagner, L. B., Keyes, K. M., Lee, M., Goldberg, D. S., Solle, N. S., Fernandez, A. C., Mellinger, J. L., Verna, E. C., & Collaborative*, A. T. I. (2026) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000001031
Ogbu, C. E., Momodu, I., & Okafor, P. N. (2026) · iLiver · doi:10.1016/j.iliver.2026.100259
“27,28 Professional guidance now treats malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty as core features of cirrhosis care, 29 reflecting shared pathways of muscle depletion and physiologic decline 30 – 32 .”
shao, L., Li, Y., Xu, C., Wang, L., & Tai, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1930417
“Frailty, captured by simple bedside instruments including the Liver Frailty Index (5) and the Clinical Frailty Scale (43), complements these measures and likewise predicts hospitalization and death.”
Chen, L., Zhou, J., Feng, Y., & Jia, Y. (2026) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2026.08.023
Sukocheva, O. A., Harding, D., Ow, T., & Tse, E. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14092082
Lester, S., Reddi, R., Cash, J., McCorry, R. B., Bradley, J. M., & Connolly, B. A. (2026) · Transplantation Reports · doi:10.1016/j.tpr.2026.100213
Duarte-Misol, D., Medina-Ortega, M., Valera-Mass, M., Barrios, L. M., Risco, F. G.-D., & Barreto, I. Y. (2026) · Gastroenterología y Hepatología · doi:10.1016/j.gastrohep.2026.502855
Wang, M., Kent, D. S., Pariani, K., Elia, J. R., Seetharaman, S., Lee, C., Mansour, J., Mak, C., Tandon, P., & Lai, J. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10695023/v1
“38 We have previously found that a change in LFI of 0.3 units is associated with improved survival.”
InfluentialSelf-citationPredicting 90-day mortality in patients with HBV-ACLF
Liu, J., Zhu, W., Deng, T., Zhu, Y., Xu, Q., Shi, P., Liang, A., Wang, Y., Fu, J., & Wu, X. (2026) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000050789
“[10,11] These tools have demonstrated important clinical value and are widely used for risk stratification.”
Roccarina, D., Saltini, D., Mangini, C., Piscopo, A., Mastro, A., Barbera, A., Mayorga, A. S. V., Avossa, A., Ragozzino, L., Falcini, M., et al. (2026) · Gastroenterology report · doi:10.1093/gastro/goag103
“Its prevalence increases with age and often overlaps with sarcopenia, amplifying vulnerability to acute stressors, including the hemodynamic and metabolic changes induced by TIPS [109, 110].”
Khan, A., Humayun, H., & Siddiqui, A. A. (2026) · Transplantology · doi:10.3390/transplantology7040021
“The Liver Frailty Index (LFI), which incorporates grip strength, chair stands, and balance testing, has been specifically developed and validated in this population [12,13].”
Perugu, S. P. R., Panjathia, A., Kumar, S. P. S., Gupta, P., Banker, A. M., & Mohanka, R. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-92-6377-6_11
Outcomes after living donor liver transplant for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Sethi, V., Gunabushanam, V., Liu, H., Purkayastha, S., Bardhi, E., Geller, D. A., Ganesh, S., Hughes, C., & Humar, A. (2026) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1016/j.ajt.2026.09.039
The Impact of Frailty in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Jacob, R., Salimi, S., Kamaladasa, D., Waller, K. M. J., He, E., Danta, M., Strasser, S. I., McCaughan, G. W., George, J., & Liu, K. (2026) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/lic/admag006
“In 2018, Lai et al. [54] developed the Liver Frailty Index (LFI), a simple and efficient bedside tool based on objective performance-based metrics with validated cut-offs for frailty classification (LFI ≥ 4.5: frail, LFI 3.2 to < 4.5: pre-frail, and LFI < 3.2: robust).”
InfluentialTotsuka, M., Masuzaki, R., Matsumoto, N., Honda, M., Kaneko, T., Arima, S., Ogawa, M., & Kogure, H. (2026) · Diseases · doi:10.3390/diseases14100371
“In addition to liver-specific factors such as fibrosis severity, these patients often present with advanced age, metabolic comorbidities, impaired nutritional status, and frailty, all of which may substantially influence long-term outcomes [10,11].”
Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Yagan, L., Mohan, R., & Hernáez, R. (2026) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2026.08.010
Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Luo, Q., Deng, S., Xu, W., Chen, J., Song, X., Chen, X., Xie, C., & Liang, P. E. N. G. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11131942/v1
Physical Activity and Frailty in patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease: A prospective study
Williams, F. R., Quinlan, J. I., Dhaliwal, A., Nicholson, T. A., Breen, L., Greig, C. A., Elsharkawy, A. M., Lord, J. M., Rowlands, A. V., & Armstrong, M. J. (2026) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2026.102072
Ferrarese, A., Vivian, L. M., Camillieri, G., Martino, L., Starnella, G., Arcari, M. P., Zampa, A. L., Burra, P., & Germani, G. (2026) · Annals of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.aohep.2026.102471
Wang, J., Ouyang, S., Zheng, L., Jiang, S., He, N., & Li, L. (2026) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.70915
“…was quantified as the sum of the durations for which three positions (feet side- by-side, semi-tandem and tandem) could be maintained, each up to a maximum of 10 s (maximum total 30 s), as specified in the original LFI protocol (Lai et al. 2017); shorter total durations indicate poorer balance.”
InfluentialArtificial Intelligence in Liver Transplantation: The Next Frontier in Clinical Decision-Making
Deshmukh, A., Avalareddy, A., & Asthana, S. (2026) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2026.103691
Evaluating skeletal muscle in chronic liver disease: remaining challenges
Declerck, S., Dahlqvist, G., & Lanthier, N. (2026) · Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.clinre.2026.102954
Nagabhushana, A., Chellaiya, G. K., Kumar, S. E., Daniel, D., David, V. G., Alexander, S., Varughese, S., Kapoor, N., Gnanadeepam, S., Jayaraman, S., et al. (2026) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agag069
Frailty Assessment Tools for Adults with Obesity: A Scoping Review
da Silveira, B., Farias, A. F. E., Guimarães, G. F., & Matte, D. L. (2026) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-026-08956-z
Metadata
- Authors
- Lai, J. C., Covinsky, K. E., Dodge, J. L., Boscardin, W. J., Segev, D. L., Roberts, J. P., & Feng, S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lai, Jennifer C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Hepatology
- Published
- 2017-06-28
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 564-574
- ISSN
- 0270-9139 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-3350
- PMC
- PMC5519430
- OpenAlex
- W2606209221
- Cited by
- 556
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 75 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 10
- FWCI
- 27.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Hepatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American College of Gastroenterology (K23AG048337, P30 DK026743, P30AG044281)
- National Institutes of Health
- University of California, San Francisco (P30 AG044281, P30DK026743)
- National Institute on Aging (K23AG048337, R01AG042504, R03AG045072, P30AG044281)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K24DK101828, P30DK026743)
- Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco (P30 DK026743, DK026743)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease and Transplantation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- frailty index, end-stage liver disease, liver cirrhosis, waitlist mortality, MELD-Na, liver transplantation, mortality prediction, grip strength, chair stand, balance, net reclassification improvement, instrumental activities of daily living, walking speed, exhaustion, physical activity
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Cause of Death, Disability Evaluation, Female, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Male, Middle Aged, Physical Fitness, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Waiting Lists, Reproducibility of Results, Cohort Studies, Survival Rate, Liver Transplantation, Databases, Factual, Risk Assessment, End Stage Liver Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
