Cited by 16Groundwater and Isotope GeochemistryKarst Systems and HydrogeologyHydrology and Watershed Management Studies

What is the source of baseflow in agriculturally fragmented catchments? Complex groundwater/surface‐water interactions in three tributary catchments of the Wabash River, Indiana, USA

Frisbee, Marty D., Meyers, Zachary P., Stewart‐Maddox, Noah S., Caffee, Marc W., Bogeholz, Philine, Hughes, Madison N.·2017·Hydrological Processes

Abstract

Some conceptual models suggest that baseflow in agriculturally fragmented watersheds may contain little, if any, groundwater. This has critical implications for stream quality and ecosystem functioning. Here, we (a) identify the sources and flowpaths contributing to baseflow using 222 Rn and 87 Sr/86 Sr and (b) quantify mean apparent ages of groundwater and baseflow using multiple isotopic tracers (CFC, SF 6, 36 Cl, and 3 H) in 4 small (0.08 to 0.64 km 2) tributary catchments to the Wabash River in Indiana, USA. 222 Rn activities and 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios indicate that baseflow in 3 catchments is sourced primarily from groundwater; baseflow in the fourth is dominated by a source similar to agricultural run‐off. CFC‐12 data indicate that springs in 1 catchment are discharging significant proportions of water that recharged between 1974 (42 ± 2 years) and 1961 (55 ± 2 years). Those same springs have 36 Cl/Cl ratios between 1,381.08 ± 29.37 (×10−15) and 1,530.64 ± 27.65 (×10−15) indicating that a substantial proportion of the discharge likely recharged between 1975 (41 years) and 1950 (66 years). Groundwater samples collected from streambed mini‐piezometers in a separate catchment have CFC‐12 concentrations indicating that a large proportion of the recharge occurred between 1948 (68 ± 2 years) and 1950 (66 ± 2 years). Repeat sampling conducted in September 2015 after above‐average summer rainfall did not show significant decreases in mean apparent age. The relatively old ages observed in 3 of the catchments can be explained by geological complexities that are likely present in all 4 catchments, but overwhelmed by flow from the shallow phreatic aquifer in the fourth catchment.

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Crossref · 10.1002/hyp.11345

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Authors
Frisbee, M. D., Meyers, Z. P., Stewart‐Maddox, N. S., Caffee, M. W., Bogeholz, P., & Hughes, M. N.
Affiliations
  • Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
  • Georgia Southern University (US)
  • Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Corresponding author
Frisbee, Marty D.
Venue
Hydrological Processes
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2017-09-26
Volume
31
Issue
22
Pages
4019-4038
ISSN
  • 0885-6087 (ISSN-L)
  • 1099-1085
OpenAlex
W2752263902
Cited by
16
References
99
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
FWCI
0.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Hydrological Processes (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Indiana Water Resources Research Center (IWRRC grant # 105379, 105379)
  • Purdue SURF (Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship) Program of 2015
  • Start-up funding from Purdue University
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Earth-Surface Processes › Karst Systems and Hydrogeology
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
Keywords
baseflow, groundwater-surface water interaction, agricultural fragmentation, groundwater age, radon-222, 87Sr/86Sr, CFC-12, SF6, tritium, chlorine-36, unconfined aquifer, spring recharge, stream water quality

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