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Cited by 248Global Cancer Incidence and ScreeningSmoking Behavior and CessationLung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Lung cancer incidence in young women vs . young men: A systematic analysis in 40 countries

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Fidler‐Benaoudia, Miranda M., Torre, Lindsey A., Bray, Freddie, Ferlay, Jacques, Jemal, Ahmedin·2020·International Journal of Cancer
DOI 10.1002/ijc.32809
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Abstract

Previous studies have reported converging lung cancer rates between sexes. We examine lung cancer incidence rates in young women vs . young men in 40 countries across five continents. Lung and bronchial cancer cases by 5‐year age group (ages 30–64) and 5‐year calendar period (1993–2012) were extracted from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents . Female‐to‐male incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated by age group and birth cohort. Among men, age‐specific lung cancer incidence rates generally decreased in all countries, while in women the rates varied across countries with the trends in most countries stable or declining, albeit at a slower pace compared to those in men. As a result, the female‐to‐male IRRs increased among recent birth cohorts, with IRRs significantly greater than unity in Canada, Denmark, Germany, New Zealand, the Netherlands and the United States. For example, the IRRs in ages 45–49 year in the Netherlands increased from 0.7 (95% CI: 0.6–0.8) to 1.5 (95% CI: 1.4–1.7) in those born circa 1948 and 1963, respectively. Similar patterns, though nonsignificant, were found in 23 additional countries. These crossovers were largely driven by increasing adenocarcinoma incidence rates in women. For those countries with historical smoking data, smoking prevalence in women approached, but rarely exceeded, those of men. In conclusion, the emerging higher lung cancer incidence rates in young women compared to young men is widespread and not fully explained by sex differences in smoking patterns. Future studies are needed to identify reasons for the elevated incidence of lung cancer among young women.

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  • The high lung cancer rates among Chinese women are postulated in part to reflect increased outdoor ambient air pollution and exposures to household burning of solid fuels for heating and cooking.

    “For example, the high lung cancer rates among Chinese women are postulated in part to reflect increased outdoor ambient air pollution and exposures to household burning of solid fuels for heating and cooking.21,27,28”

    From Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. (2024) · cites this paper as [28]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) notes that women in many developing countries have higher indoor-pollution exposure, which lends limited support to the household-exposure part of the claim. It does not link high lung cancer rates among Chinese women to burning solid fuels or outdoor air pollution; it instead says changes in air pollution probably do not explain the sex-specific incidence crossovers it studied. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Vincent RG, Pickren JW, Lane WW, et al. The changing histopathology of lung cancer. A review of 1682 cases. Cancer 1977;39:1647-55.

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Authors
Fidler‐Benaoudia, M. M., Torre, L. A., Bray, F., Ferlay, J., & Jemal, A.
Affiliations
  • Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services Calgary Alberta Canada
  • American Cancer Society (US)
  • Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (FR)
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Cancer
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2020-02-05
Volume
147
Issue
3
Pages
811-819
ISSN
  • 0020-7136 (ISSN-L)
  • 1097-0215
DOI
10.1002/ijc.32809
OpenAlex
W3004708148
Cited by
248
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 111
FWCI
16.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • International Journal of Cancer (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
World Health Organization
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords
lung cancer incidence, sex differences, young women, young men, birth cohort trends, lung adenocarcinoma, smoking prevalence, cross-national comparison, age-specific incidence
MeSH terms
Adenocarcinoma of Lung, Adult, Bronchial Neoplasms, Canada, Denmark, Female, Germany, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, New Zealand, Registries, Risk Factors, Smoking, United States, Incidence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution

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